Chemical Bonding

1
Chemical Bonding
2
Chemical Bonds

• Compound are formed from chemically bound atoms
  or ions
• Bonding only involves the valence electrons

3
Chemical Bonds

• Defn force holding two atoms together
• How are they formed?
• Atoms gain, lose, or share valence electrons
• Why does bonding occur?
• Stability achieve octet rule

4

• Covalent Bonding

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Covalent Bond

• Defn two atoms share one pair of electrons

Electrons shared

A

B

A
B

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Covalent Bonds

• Where are these bonds found?
• - molecules (molecular compounds)
• - polyatomic ions

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Covalent Bonding

• Whats going on?
• Molecule formed when 2 or more atoms bond
  covalently

Sharing of electrons
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Covalent Bonding Properties
Bond Formation Electrons are shared between two nonmetal atoms
Type of Structure True molecules
Physical State Liquid or gas, brittle solids
Melting Point Low
Solubility in Water Usually not
Electrical Conductivity No
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Naming Covalent Compounds

• Prefix System (binary compounds)
• 1. Less e-neg atom comes first.
• 2. Add prefixes to indicate of atoms. Omit
  mono- prefix on first element.
• 3. Change the ending of the second element to
  -ide.

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C. Molecular Nomenclature

• PREFIX
• mono-
• di-
• tri-
• tetra-
• penta-
• hexa-
• hepta-
• octa-
• nona-
• deca-

• NUMBER
• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5
• 6
• 7
• 8
• 9
• 10

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Covalent Compound Names

• CCl4
• N2O
• SF6

carbon tetrachloride
dinitrogen monoxide
sulfur hexafluoride
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Covalent Formulas

• arsenic trichloride
• dinitrogen pentoxide
• tetraphosphorus decoxide

AsCl3
N2O5
P4O10