Abstract

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Abstract

• Research Methods I

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How to Write an Abstract

• The abstract should be the last thing you write
  when writing a paper.
• The abstract page is Page 2.
• Center the word Abstract on the page.
• Begin typing the abstract on the very next double
  spaced line.

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How to Write an Abstract

• Type the abstract as a single (double spaced)
  paragraph in block format (dont indent).
• The abstract provides a brief and comprehensive
  summary of the paper/study.

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How to Write an Abstract

• It should include the following sections (this is
  an example for a quantitative study)
• Introduction
• Methods
• Subjects/Participants (human, animal)
• Apparatus (furniture, pencils, stopwatches)
• Design (independent and dependent variables)
• Procedures (steps to execute the study)
• Results (report the statistics)
• Discussion (evaluate and interpret results)

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How to Write an Abstract

• The abstract should be
• Accurate Regarding information in the paper.
• Self Contained all information should be
  spelled out (no abbreviations).
• Concise follow APA guidelines for length
• Specific state only the most important
  concepts, findings and/or implications.

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How to Write an Abstract

• The abstract details
• Use digits for all numbers except when they
  begin a sentence.
• Avoid citing references in the abstract.
• Paraphrase rather than quoting.
• Use active voice rather than passive voice.
• Use past tense for procedures and present tense
  for results.