Nutritional/Metabolic Problems in Sheep

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Nutritional/Metabolic Problems in Sheep
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Young Lambs

• Enterotoxemia
• Clostridium perfringens type C
• Symptoms
• Sudden death in 7-21 day old lambs

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Young Lambs....continued

• Prevention
• Booster dams in late gestation
• Vaccinate lambs at 21 days and weaning
• Orphan vaccination
• Maximum colostrum intake
• Misdiagnosed-selenium/Vit. E deficiency

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Goiter

• Symptoms
• Enlarged thyroid
• Poor wool coat at birth
• Low vigor/survival

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Goiter.....continued

• Prevention
• Iodized salt
• Compensate for goitergens (kale, brassicas, etc.)

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Finishing Lambs

• Enterotoxemia/Overeating
• Symptoms
• Best doing lambs
• Uncoordinated movement
• Rapid death

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Finishing Lambs...continued

• Prevention
• Vaccination - toxoid
• Bunk management
• Gradual ration changes
• Antibiotics
• Misdiagnosed-polio and
• Vit. E/Se deficiency, pneumonia

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Urinary Calculi

• Wether lambs and stud rams
• Several types-phosphate, calcium, silica
• Problem-concentrates are low in calcium and high
  
• in phosphorous

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Urinary Calculi...continued

• Prevention
• Water intake
• Salt
• Ammonium chloride or sulfate
• Add calcium to achieve 1.51 ratio to
  phosphorous
• Never add phosphorous

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White Muscle/Stiff Lamb Disease

• Symptoms
• Stiff rear legs and arched back
• Sudden death
• Aspiration Pneumonia
• Poor suckling reflex

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White Muscle/Stiff Lamb Disease...continued

• Cause
• Deficiency of Vit. E and/or Selenium
• Note Selenium is toxic but Vitamin E is not
• it is also cheap
• High grain rations reduce Vit. E
• Newborns only source of E is milk

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Results - Serum E ewes

• Con E-G E-L E-GL
• Pretreatment 1.27 1.26
• Pre-lambing 1.51a 1.91b
• Post-lambinga .93a 1.13b
• Mid-lactation .97a .95a 1.28b 1.37b
• Milk e at 3 days 10.8 15.1
• a,b Row means with different superscripts differ
  (plt.05).

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Results - Serum E lambs

• Con E-G E-L E-GL
• 3 days 1.08 1.08
• 28 days .41 .38 1.33 1.33

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Rectal Prolapse

• Prevention
• Longer tail docking
• Less dusty feed
• Prevent pneumonia
• Shearing
• Feed some long fiber

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Polioencephalomacia

• Thiamine deficiency
• Prevention
• Maintain rumen health
• Gradual ration changes
• Feed some long fiber
• Sulpher intake

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Copper Toxicosis

• Breed Susceptibility
• Mineral interactions-Mo Su,
• along with high Zn Ca
• Normal copper, low molybdenum

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Copper Toxicosis...continued

• Prevention
• Sheep specific feeds
• No additional copper
• Feed some Mo
• Copper Molybdenum
• are both toxic

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Copper BMPS

• Sample feed deliveries
• Monitor feed delivery for appearance and texture
• Label sample
• Date, amount, what it was fed to, freeze, store
  six months
• Read mineral tag
• look for sodium molybdate

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Sheep Mineral, Kansas

• GUARANTEED ANALYSIS

• Calcium 7
• Phos. 5
• Salt 45
• Sulfur 1
• Magnesium 1
• Zinc 150 PPM short
• Iodine 125 PPM okay
• Cobalt 150 PPM okay
• Selenium 10 PPM super, super short

• Better mineral

• Calcium not needed with
• Phosphorous not needed with
• High salt equals lower intake levels

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T.M. SALT w/ Selenium
T.M. Salt for sheep GUARANTEED ANALYSIS Salt,
min 94.00 Salt, max 95.00 Zinc, min 0.60
6000 PPM Magnesium, min 0.52 5200
PPM Manganese, min 0.25 2500 PPM Iron,
min 0.25 2500 PPM Iodine, min 0.01
100 PPM (short) Cobalt, min 0.003 30
PPM Selenium 90 PPM .009 max. PPM mg/kg
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INGREDIENTS
Salt, Vegetable Oil, Calcium Sulfate, Magnesium
Oxide, Zinc Oxide, Ferrous Sulfate, Manganese
Sulfate, Sodium Selenite, Cobalt Carbonate,
Ethylenediamine Dihydroiodide, Sodium Molybdate.
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Pregnancy Toxemia

• Cause - Excess fat catabolism and ketone
  accumulation
• Prevention
• Over conditioned ewes
• Increased conc. feeding LG
• Fetal scans
• Pre-lambing shearing

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Pregnancy Toxemia...continued

• Treatment
• Propylene glycol
• Induced parturition
• Severe cases usually do not recover

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Grass Tetany

• Hypomagnesia
• Cause excess potassium
• Lactating ewes on lush, spring pasture
• N fertilization increases risks

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Grass Tetany...continued

• Magnesium oxide in mineral
• poor palatibility.
• Sudden death-confirmation by necropsy
• Stress induced

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Milk Fever

• Ewes vs. Dairy Cows
• Cause
• Calcium deficiency ??
• Stress induced

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MIlk Fever...continued

• Late gestation ewes carrying triplets
• Symptoms
• Depressed, lethargic, recumbent
• Treatment
• Calcium gluconate
• Rapid response

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Wool Pulling

• Cause
• Inadequate dry matter intake
• Small particle size, effective fiber
• Low phosphorous intake
• Starvation

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Wool Pulling...continued

• Prevention
• Maximum 50 concentration ration
• Improved feeding technique
• Offer some low quality, long forage
• Evaluate phosphorous level

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Vaginal Prolapses

• Causes
• Overfeeding roughage
• Genetics
• Short docks
• Fat ewes

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Vaginal Prolapses...continued

• Prevention
• Feed higher quality roughage in LG
• Restrict roughage in ration esp. for ewe lambs
• Adequate bunk space
• Prevent obesity in ewes
• Cull problems

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Listeria
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BMP, listeria

• Corn silage
• feed adequate amounts
• correctly stored and harvested
• Dirt
• Tub grinder
• Rotten feed-Feedlot

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Summary

• Common sense eliminates most disorders
• Shepherd mistakes creates a lot of the disorders
• Seek advice if not sure of what you are doing