Essential Question:

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• Essential Question
• What factors intensified the Cold War hostilities
  between the U.S. Soviet Union?
• Warm-Up Question
• How did the WW2 conferences at Tehran, Yalta,
  Potsdam intensify hostilities between the USA
  Soviet Union?

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Creating World Peace Prosperity
U.S. leaders hoped to continue its trade
dominance in Western Europe, Asia, Latin America

• At the end of WW2, the major world powers
  addressed the global economy peace-keeping
• To rebuild war-torn Europe, the International
  Monetary Fund World Bank were created
• The United Nations replaced the League of
  Nations in 1945

The USA was the largest supplier of funds for
both, so the USA had the greatest control over
policy
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Each member of the Executive Council has veto
power over other members
The U.S., U.S.S.R, England, France, Nationalist
China made up the Security Council
An army!
All 50 member nations were represented on the
General Assembly
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Fighting a Cold War Containing
CommunismTruman Video
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The Beginning of the Cold War
The USA supported the Russian White Army against
Lenins Red Army

• The Cold War was an era of distrust, threat of
  nuclear war, ideological expansion between the
  superpowers, USA USSR
• The Cold War began during the Russian Civil War
  (1917-1921) Soviet pullout of WW1
• But, American-Soviet tensions heightened at the
  Yalta Potsdam WW2 conferences

Stalin agreed to allow self-determination in
Eastern Europebut never did
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The Cold War Begins
I can work with Stalinhe is honestbut smart as
heck.

• In July 1945, Truman first met Stalin at Potsdam
  to discuss post-war Europe ending the war with
  Japan

Truman, a rookie, was a Wilsonian idealist
hoped for international cooperation
Stalin had ruled Russia for 2 decades, was a
cautious realist, believed the USSR needed to
protect itself
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Cold War Divisions
Because Britain, France, the USA, USSR could
not agree on German war reparations, Germany was
divided into occupied zones at the Potsdam
Conference
At Yalta, Stalin agreed to allow
self-determination in Eastern Europe
Potsdam was the conclusion of the American-Soviet
alliance that brought an end to World War 2
By Potsdam, Stalin had extended his control over
Eastern Europe to create a buffer zone between
the USSR its future enemies
Potsdam presented a major Cold War theme Because
they could not agree on how do govern Europe,
Truman Stalin divided it
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Withholding Economic Aid

• The USSR was badly damaged in WW2 needed help
  to rebuild
• FDR Truman declined loans ended all
  Lend-Lease aid
• So, Stalin took over factories in Eastern Europe
  Manchuria
• The USSR slowly recovered but this deepened the
  hostility antagonism of the Cold War

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Soviet Invasion of Manchuria, 1945
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The Iron Curtain
Capitalism Democracy
Communism Totalitarianism
The USA began to view Stalin in the 1940s as a
new Hitlera dangerous threat an aggressive
dictator desiring world domination
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Containment

• Trumans Secretary of State, George Marshall,
  began a policy of Containment in 1947
• Strong resistance to the USSR would stop Russian
  expansion the spread of communism
• The U.S. initiated containment in 3 phases
  Truman Plan, Marshall Plan, NATO

A long-term, patient but firm, and vigilant
containment of Russian expansionist policies
Will not lead to any immediate victory but will
eventually force the USSR to live in peace with
the West
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The Truman Doctrine

• Soviet pressure on Greece Turkey led to U.S.
  fears of Russian influence on 3 continents
• Taking Greece might lead to communism in Iran
  all of Asia
• Then, into Egypt all of Africa
• Then, all of Europe through Italy
• The Truman Doctrine offered U.S. assistance to
  any nation threatened by Communism

This commitment to stopping the spread of
Communism was viewed by the Soviet Union as an
informal declaration of a cold war
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The Marshall Plan

• European nations had difficulty recovering after
  WW2 which led to U.S. fears of Communist coups in
  Europe
• The Marshall Plan offered aid to help Europe
  recover
• Industry revived Western Europe became a
  bonanza for U.S. trade consumer goods
• The Communist threat ended

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Marshall Plan to Aid Europe 1948-1952
Stalin refused to accept Marshall Plan aid in the
USSR or any Soviet satellite responded with his
own Molotov Plan in Eastern Europe
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"It's the same thing without mechanical problems"
Herblock January 26, 1949, Washington Post
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• D. U.S. government reorganization and rearmament
• 1. The National Security Act of 1947 created the
  Department of Defense.
• The Department of Defense replaced the War
  Department.
• b. National Security Council (NSC) and Central
  Intelligence Agency (CIA) were created by Truman
  in 1948 and 1949.
• Became the presidents chief source on foreign
  affairs
• c. NSC Number 68 (1950)
• It was issued in response to the communist
  victory in China and the onset of hostilities in
  Korea.
• The U.S. would implement a rigorous worldwide
  defense of Communism with "an immediate and
  large-scale build up of our military."

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• 2. In 1948, the first peacetime military draft
  was enacted.
• 3. "Voice of America" was authorized by Congress
  it beamed U.S. broadcasts behind the iron curtain
  promoting democracy.
• 4. Atomic Energy Commission was created in 1946
  established civilian control over nuclear
  development and gave president sole authority
  over the use of atomic weapons in warfare.

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• Essential Question
• What factors intensified the Cold War
  hostilities between the U.S. Soviet Union?

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The Berlin Blockade

• In 1948, the USSR responded to Containment by
  cutting off all traffic to Berlin in East Germany
  
• Truman allowed food, fuel, supplies to be
  airlifted into West Berlin moved several U.S.
  bombers to England
• The standoff lasted 9 months until Stalin lifted
  the blockade

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Here comes help!
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NATO
This is a major departure from the traditional
U.S. policy of isolationism

• Fears of Soviet aggression led to the formation
  of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in
  1949
• To provide collective security for Western
  Europe, the USA, Canada, Greece, Turkey
• The Cold War now had an ideological (Truman
  Doctrine) economic (Marshall Plan) base
  military enforcement (NATO)

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The USSR responded in 1955 with the formation of
the Warsaw Pact
NATO initiated as a result of a Soviet coup in
Czechoslovakia in 1948