Intelligence

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Intelligence
Pages 204 - 222
Your next Quiz 5
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Intelligence
The capacity to learn from experience, solve
problems, and adapt to a changing environment
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Intelligence

• We often associate it with
• Academic Success
• Achievement on the Job
• Socially appropriate behavior

• It can not be seen - touched - or physically
  measured
• It is subject to various interpretations

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Intelligence Theorists Research Activity
Investigate the contributions of one intelligence
theorist by visiting the following website
http//www.indiana.edu/intell/map.shtml On a
note card (provided), summarize the
contribution(s) to intelligence by that theorist
and be prepared to share it with the class.
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Intelligence Guys to know
Spearman
Goleman
Guilford
Thurstone
Jensen
Sternberg
Wechsler
Gardner
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1
SPEARMAN
G - Factor
S - Factor
Specific Abilities Superior capabilities in some
areas
General Abilities Broad based reasoning and
problem-solving skills
Jack of all trades, master of ONE!
7
Article Scientists pinpoint intelligence zone in
the brain
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Extension Activity 11 handout Answer each
question to the best of your ability. Next,
tell me which intelligence ability you believe L.
Thurstone (intelligence theorist) was trying to
test when asking that question. A synopsis will
appear on the next slide to help you determine
this.
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L. Thurstones Primary Mental Abilities

1. Visual Spatial visualizing forms and spatial
   relations
2. Perceptual Speed grasping perceptual details
   rapidly, perceiving similarities and differences
   between stimuli
3. Numerical computing numbers
4. Verbal Meaning knowing the meanings of words
5. Memory recalling information (words, sentences,
   etc.)
6. Word Fluency thinking of words quickly
   (rhyming, doing crossword puzzles, etc.)
7. Deductive Reasoning deriving examples from
   general rules
8. Inductive Reasoning deriving general rules from
   examples

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THURSTONE
Deductive Reasoning
Inductive Reasoning
Visual/Spatial
8 PMAs
Word Fluency
Perceptual Speed
Numerical Ability
Memory
Verbal Meaning
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Twelve (12) members of a company were present at
a board meeting. Each member shook hands with
all of the other members before after the
meeting. How many handshakes were there?
12
Who is the Smartest?

• Gregg Cox
• Venus Williams
• Bill Gates
• Steve Lu
• Midori

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HOWARD GARDNER
Existential
Bodily Kinesthetic
Naturalist
MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
Interpersonal
Visual/Spatial
Musical
Intrapersonal
Logical/Math
Verbal/Linguistic
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(No Transcript)
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HOWARD GARDNER MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
Linguistic intelligence ("word smart")
Logical-mathematical intelligence
("number/reasoning smart") Spatial intelligence
("picture smart") Bodily-Kinesthetic
intelligence ("body smart") Musical
intelligence ("music smart") Interpersonal
intelligence ("people smart") Intrapersonal
intelligence ("self smart") Naturalist
intelligence ("nature smart") Existential
(philosophically smart)
GARDNER ASKS HOW YOU ARE INTELLIGENT, NOT HOW
INTELLIGENT YOU ARE!
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PIECES ON A BOARD
What letter completes this set?
2k 2q 16p 4r 4b 4?
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GUILFORD
Products
Operations
SOI
Units
Evaluation
Contents
Classes
Convergent Thinking
Figures
Relations
Divergent Thinking
Symbols
Systems
Memorization
Words
Transformations
Cognition
Behaviors
Implications
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JENSEN
Level I
Level II
Associative Abilities
Conceptual Abilities
Rote Learning
Memorization
Problem- Solving
Logical Reasoning
Verbal Abilities
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Ability to deal with new situations
Problem-Solving Skills
Ability to accomplish every day tasks
FIGURE 9.1 According to Sternberg,
intelligence has three parts the analytic part
that enables us to solve problems, the creative
part that allows us to deal with new situations,
and the practical part that makes it possible for
us to perform everyday tasks. We often use more
than one of these parts simultaneously.
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STERNBERG
TRIARCHIC MODEL
Contextual
Experiential
Componential
Metacomponents
Knowledge- Acquisition
Performance
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STERNBERG

1. The COMPONENTIAL sub theory which outlines the
   structures and mechanisms that underlie
   intelligent behavior categorized as
   metacognitive, performance, or knowledge
   acquisition components
2. The EXPERIENTIAL sub theory that proposes
   intelligent behavior be interpreted along a
   continuum of experience from novel to highly
   familiar tasks/situations
3. The CONTEXTUAL sub theory which specifies that
   intelligent behavior is defined by the
   sociocultural context in which it takes place and
   involves adaptation to the environment, selection
   of better environments, and shaping of the
   present environment.

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GOLEMAN PAGE 209-210

1. SELF AWARENESS
2. MOOD MANAGEMENT
3. SELF-MOTIVATION
4. IMPULSE CONTROL
5. PEOPLE SKILLS

Daniel Goleman reading packet
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Marshmallow http//www.youtube.com/watch?vlgCL3Gn
mIfYfeaturerelated
Walter Mischel Self Control http//www.youtube.c
om/watch?v4CYr4FgMYGI
The Marshmallow Experiment Time
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vxNvvL9j_SIsfeatur
erelated
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Emotional turned Social Intelligence http//www.yo
utube.com/watch?vnZskNGdP_zM
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Daniel Goleman - EQ

1. List 3 characteristics of a person high in
   emotional intelligence.
2. What does the author mean by the emotional brain
   hijacks the thinking brain?
3. How does the amygdala act as a recorder?
4. Name 3 areas of your life that a strong EQ will
   aid you.
5. What is the Marshmallow test? Do you think the
   findings of the test make the test reliable? Is
   this test valid?
6. According to the article, what are the best ways
   to aid your childs EQ?
7. Can your EQ change? Why or Why not?

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Measurement of IntelligenceSection 2
SBIS - Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale Alfred
Binet first introduces his test and Lewis Terman
adapts it into what it is now (Stanford-Binet
Intelligence Scale)
IQ MA/CA x 100
IQ Intelligence Quotient (William Stern) MA
Mental Age CA Chronological Age
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WECHSLER
Information
Digit Symbol
Comprehension
WAIS-R
Picture Completion
Verbal Subtests
Performance Subtests
Arithmetic
Block Design
Similarities
Picture Arrangement
Digit Span
Object Assembly
Vocabulary
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Aptitude predict ability to learn Achievement
reflect on whats been learned
Intelligence Tests MUST BE Standardized
defining meaningful scores by comparison with the
performance of a pretested group Reliable -
consistency (must yield similar results on
different testing occasions) Valid - the
degree to which a test measures what it is
supposed to measure
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Wechsler scales
Finally, what is Deviation IQ?
How is it different from the Stanford-Binet scale?
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• Readings
• LCP-enriched Formula Milk
• Another Study Shows Omega-3s

Report Benefits of Seafood Outweigh Risks
(October 17, 2006) http//www.npr.org/template
s/story/story.php?storyId6283446 (timing 319)
Getting Brain Food Straight from the
Source http//www.npr.org/templates/story/story.ph
p?storyId15823852 (time 854)
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Mental Retardation
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Mental Retardation

1. What are the criteria for mental retardation?
2. What are the levels of mental retardation?
3. What are some of the Biological causes of
   retardation?
4. Where do those with Down Syndrome fit into the
   Mental Retardation picture?
5. What is Cultural Familial retardation?

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1.What are the criteria for mental retardation?
By definition, to have the label Mental
Retardation, the person must have an IQ below 70,
and impairments in adaptive functioning in at
least two of the following areas communication,
self-care, home living, social/interpersonal
skills, use of community resources,
self-direction, functional academic skills, work,
leisure, health, and safety.
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LEVELS OF MENTAL RETARDATION
IQ SCORE LEVEL OF MENTAL RETARDATION
50-70 Mild Mental Retardation
35-49 Moderate Mental Retardation
20-34 Severe Mental Retardation
Below 20 Profound Mental Retardation
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Mild Mental Retardation IQ scores from 50 to 75
Includes about 85 percent of the mentally
retarded population Individuals in this group
can often live on their own with community
support. Moderate Mental Retardation IQ scores
between 35 and 50 Includes about 10 percent of
the mentally retarded population Individuals in
this group can often lead relatively normal lives
provided they receive some level of supervision.
Such individuals often live in group homes with
other mentally retarded people. Severe Mental
Retardation IQ scores between 20 and 35 Includes
about 3 percent to 4 percent of the mentally
retarded population Individuals in this category
can often master the most basic skills of living,
such as cleaning and dressing themselves. They
often live in group homes. Profound Mental
Retardation IQ scores of less than 20 Includes
about 1 percent to 2 percent of the mentally
retarded population Individuals at this level
can often develop basic communication and
self-care skills. They often have other mental
disorders.
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CAUSES OF MENTAL RETARDATION
Reading - SOURCE http//www.dpw.state.pa.us/Servi
cesPrograms/MentalRetardation/
Mental retardation can be caused by any condition
which impairs development of the brain. Several
hundred causes have been discovered, but in about
one-third of the people affected, the cause
remains unknown. The three major known causes of
mental retardation are Down Syndrome, Fetal
Alcohol Syndrome and Fragile X Syndrome.

• Genetic conditions

• Problems during pregnancy

• Problems after birth

• Other contributors

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PKU (Phenylketonuria)
DESCRIPTION
Inability of body to metabolize (process and use)
a specific protein. Mental retardation can result
CAUSES
Hereditary. Carried on recessive gene.
DETECTION
Newborn can be tested for condition (required by
law in some states.)
TREATMENT
If diagnosed early, a special diet can reduce or
prevent brain damage. No known cure
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PhenylalaninePhenylalanine is an amino acid
that is one of the two components present in
Aspartame. All products sweetened with
Aspartame (also known by the brand name
NutraSweet) carry a statement on the label to
alert those individuals who must restrict their
intake of phenylalanine. The statement reads
"Phenylketonurics Contains Phenylalanine."
Phenylketonurics are people with a rare genetic
disorder (it affects approximately 1 out of every
15,000 babies born). It is characterized by a
marked inability to metabolize the amino acid
phenylalanine. People with this disease become
ill if they eat foods that contain phenylalanine.
For the rest of the population it is completely
safe. A test at birth determines whether or not
this genetic disease is present, and individuals
are placed on special diets which restrict
phenylalanine intake. An eight-ounce glass of
milk has more than 4 1/2 times as much
phenylalanine as a 12-ounce Diet Pepsi.
http//www.pepsi.com/help/faqs/faq.php?categorypr
oduct_infopageingredients
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Congenital Heart Disease
DESCRIPTION
Structural defect affecting the hearts ability
to circulate blood. May be minor or severe.
(Congenital means present at birth)
CAUSES
Hereditary and/or environmental often unknown
DETECTION
Examination at birth or later
TREATMENT
Surgery or medication
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Down Syndrome
DESCRIPTION
A group of associated defects including mental
retardation, delayed development, heart defects
(in some cases), and other characteristics
CAUSES
Chromosomal error. For reasons not yet
understood, there is an extra chromosome 21.
DETECTION
Analysis of the chromosomes. Amniocentesis or
chorionic villi sampling can detect the syndrome
before birth
TREATMENT
Special therapy and schooling, corrective surgery

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DOWN SYNDROME FACT SHEET
Named after John Langdon Down, the first
physician to identify the syndrome, Down syndrome
is the most frequent genetic cause of mild to
moderate mental retardation and associated
medical problems and occurs in one out of 800
live births, in all races and economic groups.
Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder caused by
an error in cell division that results in the
presence of an additional third chromosome 21 or
"trisomy 21." Down Syndrome occurs when the
fertilized egg contains extra material from
chromosome number 21, this results in Down
syndrome.
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RELATIONSHIP OF DOWN SYNDROME INCIDENCE TO
MOTHERS' AGE Under 30 Less than 1 in 1,000
30 1 in 900 35 1 in 400 36 1 in
300 37 1 in 230 38 1 in 180 39 1
in 135 40 1 in 105 42 1 in 60 44 1
in 35 46 1 in 20 48 1 in 16 49 1
in 12 Source Hook, E.G., Lindsjo, A. Down
Syndrome in Live Births by Single Year Maternal
Age.
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• DIAGNOSTIC TESTS FOR DOWN SYNDROME
• AMNIOCENTESIS
• The removal and analysis of a small sample of
  fetal cells from the amniotic fluid.
• Cannot be done until the 14-18th week of
  pregnancy
• Lower risk of miscarriage than chorionic villus
  sampling
• CHORIONIC VILLUS SAMPLING (CVS)
• Extraction of a tiny amount of fetal tissue at 9
  to 11 weeks of pregnancy
• The tissue is tested for the presence of extra
  material from chromosome 21
• Carries a 1-2 risk of miscarriage
• PERCUTANEOUS UMBILICAL BLOOD SAMPLING (PUBS)
• Most accurate method used to confirm the results
  of CVS or amniocentesis.
• The tissue is tested for the presence of extra
  material from chromosome 21
• PUBS cannot be done until the 18-22nd week
• Carries the greatest risk of miscarriage

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Characteristics

• slanting, almond-shaped eyes
• protruding tongue
• small open mouth
• small skull
• flat bridge on nose
• flat face
• small ears

• short neck
• IQ 30-50
• slow to sit, walk, and talk
• usually docile, easily managed
• congenital heart defects
• leukemia
• acute/chronic infections

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(No Transcript)
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TREATMENT

• NO KNOWN CURE

• Amino acid supplements and a drug known as
  Piracetam. Piracetam is a psychoactive drug that
  some believe may improve cognitive function.

• Surgery to correct heart defects/abnormalities/f
  eatures (readings)(video)

• Specialize care, support groups for families

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Mental Retardation

1. What are the criteria for mental retardation?
2. What are the levels of mental retardation?
3. What are some of the Biological causes of
   retardation?
4. Where do those with Down Syndrome fit into the
   Mental Retardation picture?
5. What is Cultural Familial retardation?

48
Also associated with Mental Retardation is
AUTISM. So, what is it?
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Forms of Autism The term "PDD" is widely used by
professionals to refer to children with autism
and related disorders however, there is a great
deal of disagreement and confusion among
professionals concerning the PDD label. 
Diagnosis of PDD, Autism, or any other
developmental disability, is based upon the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders - Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), published by
the American Psychiatric Association, Washington
D.C., 1994, the main diagnostic reference of
Mental Health professionals in the United States
of America. According to the DSM-IV, the term
"PDD" is not a specific diagnosis, but an
umbrella term under which the following specific
diagnoses are defined  Autistic
Disorder Rett's Disorder Childhood
Disintegrative Disorder Asperger's Disorder
Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise
Specified (PDD-NOS).
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Autism
Autism is a developmental disability that
typically appears during the first three years of
life. The result of a neurological disorder that
affects functioning of the brain, Autism and its
associated behaviors have been estimated to occur
in as many as 1 in 250 individuals. Autism is
four times more prevalent in boys than girls and
knows no racial, ethnic or social boundaries.
Family income, lifestyle and educational levels
do not affect the chance of Autisms occurrence.
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Autism impacts the normal development of the
brain in the areas of social interactions and
communication and communication skills. Children
and adults with Autism typically have
difficulties in verbal and non-verbal
communication, social interactions and leisure or
play activities. The disorder makes it hard for
them to communicate with others and relate to the
outside world. They may exhibit repeated body
movements (hand flapping, rocking), unusual
responses to people or attachments to objects and
resist any changes in routines. In some cases,
aggressive and/or self-injurious behavior may be
present. Approximately 1.5 million people in
the U.S. today have some form of Autism. Its
prevalence rate now places it as the third most
common developmental disability more common
than Downs syndrome. http//www.autism-society.o
rg/site/PageServer?pagenameAutism_Facts
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IS AUTISM DIFFERENT FROM MENTAL
RETARDATION? Yes. Autism and mental
retardation often co-exist. It is estimated that
between 75 and 80 of people with Autism also
exhibit some degree of functional retardation
though they may have peaks and valleys of
strengths and weaknesses. This distinguishes
them from individuals with mental retardation who
generally have a consistent developmental level
in most of their personal skills and traits. As
well, the severe impairments in social
interaction and communication characteristic of
Autism require specific and specialized programs
and supports.
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Autism Study Lends Credence to 'Fever Effect'
(time 407) http//www.npr.org/templates/story/sto
ry.php?storyId16956039
Defending Vaccines Actress Dispels Link To
Autism December 11, 2008 (time
441) http//www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php
?storyId97940354
Meet George Finn! 1999 - 60 Minutes video clip
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vq9eVqoRctkk
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Read Selected Articles about Autism!

• ROW 1 Signs of Autism Aspergers Snapshots
  from the Autistic Brain
• ROW 2 Myself
• ROW 3 My Brother
• ROW 4 My Son
• ROW 5 The Geek Syndrome

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Cultural Familial Retardation
NELL Jodie Foster Liam Neeson
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GIFTEDNESS
A term used to describe children with IQ scores
above 130 and children with outstanding talents
for performing at much higher levels than others
of the same age and background.
Child Prodigy, Six Years Old http//www.youtube.co
m/watch?vRKXg92atWVg
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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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Intelligence Creativity

• Intelligence and Creativity sometimes, but not
  always, go hand in hand
• High Intelligence is no guarantee for high
  Creativity
• Intelligence questions are usually aimed at
  convergent thinkers

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The Creative Person Is ...

• A DESIGNER
• A LOGICAL PROBLEM-SOLVER
• A HABIT BREAKER
• A CONSTRUCTIVELY DISCONTENTED PERSON
• A DIVERGENT- CONVERGENT THINKER
• INNOVATIVE
• UNPREDICTABLE
• A FEARLESS ADVENTURER
• A WHOLE PERSON
• A PERSON WHO ENJOYS BEING OFF CENTER
• A LOVABLE JERK

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Blocks to Creativity
Everyone seems to be waiting until they know it
all until they are the world experts before
they can speak up or act up to a situation. Yet
no one ever seems to become that world expert.
Therefore, we are kept from creativity by our own
pride, fear, jealousy and competitiveness.
Creativity is blocked by...
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fear
FEAR of making mistakes FEAR of being seen as a
fool FEAR of being criticized FEAR of being
misused or taken advantage of FEAR of being
alone (a man with an idea is automatically a
minority of one) FEAR of disturbing traditions
and of making changes FEAR of being associated
with taboos FEAR of losing the security of
habit FEAR of losing the love of the group FEAR
of being an individual
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fear
Being afraid is both natural and normal. It would
be a mistake to think we could eliminate it
altogether, nor would we want to. FEAR is simply
the reluctance and anxiety to deal with the
unexpected or the result or lack of preparation
to deal with the expected. But FEAR deters
progress toward creativity through misdirecting
our energy and by restraining us from the action
necessary to its development. The Universal
Traveler by Don Koberg Jim Bagnall. (Wm.
Kaufmann, Inc. Los Altos, CA, 1974)
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Determinants of Intelligence
1. What factors determine intelligence?
2. Whos studies have been critical in the
efforts to understand which factors make up a
persons intelligence or personality traits?

• 3. According to the text, who has the highest
  correlation in IQ scores?
• Is your IQ closer to your parents or brothers and
  sisters?

4. Discuss the effect of natural parents as
opposed to adopted parents and their effect on IQ.
65
This is a Test
O O O O O O O O O

• Connect all nine dots
• Use only four straight lines
• Do not retrace your lines
• Do not lift your pen/pencil

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This puzzle consists of placing all the numbers
between 1 and 11 at the end of the lines and one
of the numbers in the circle that will make every
three numbers in every row add up to eighteen
11
4
9
2
7
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Eight soldiers need to cross a river, but the
only way to get across is in a small boat in
which two children are playing. The boat can
carry, at most, two children or one soldier. How
do the soldiers get across?
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The Remote Associates Test
prince
dog
cold
glasses
club
boat
defense
pit
writer
69
Want another problem?
Take away 3 lines and leave only 2 triangles
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1. Article Study Sleep Essential for Creativity
2. Article Creativity What Is It? Wheres It
   From?
3. Article Helping Children to Play May Stunt
   Creativity
4. Article Cashing In On Creativity At Work