UML????

1
?????????????11
47070

• 2003? 1? 7?

2
?10? ?????3
?????????????

• 10.1 ??
• 10.2 ???
• 10.3 ????????
• 10.4 ???
• 10.5 ?????
• 10.6 ?????

3
10.1 ??
?????3
7981???

• ?(???)??????????????
• ??????
• ??????????????
• ??????????
• ??
• ???
• ??????
• UML????
• OCL
• ?????????

?
??
0..
1
??
??
???????
?????????
4
10.2 ???
?????3
82???

• ?????,???????
• ???-??-???????
• 2???????
• ????

??
????
??????
1..
6..
??
???
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??
????
1..
6..
1..1
1..1
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?? ??????
5
?11? ??????????
?????????????

• 11.1 ?????????
• 11.2 ???????
• 11.3 ???????
• 11.4 ?????????????
• 11.5 PLoP???
• 11.6 ???????????
• 11.7 ?????????
• 11.8 ????????

???????
6
11.1 ?????????

• Christopher Alexander(1936)
• ????3??(5??)
• The Oregon Experiment, Oxford Univ. Press,
  1975, ????(?),???????????,?????,1977
• A Pattern Language, Oxford Univ. Press, 1977,
  ????(?),??????????,?????,1984
• The Timeless Way of Building," Oxford Univ.
  Press, 1979, ????(?),???????????,?????,1993
• ?????????
• ????(Quality Without A Name)
• ??????????(alive)
• ???????

7
11.1 ?????????

• ???????(timeless way)
• ????????
• ?????????????
• ?????(grassroots housing process)
• ?????(piecemeal growth)
• ????,??,??,??,???????????
• ??????????
• ???????
• ???????????,???????????
• ?????????????????
• ???????
• ????

The Oregon Experiment
????????????????????????????????????????????
8
11.1 ?????????

• ??????????
• ??????253?????
• ????????????????????????????
• ?????(????????)
• ??????(?)????????(??,??)?
• ?????????????????
• ????????????????
• ?????????????????
• ???????????????????????
• ??????????????????,??????
• ??????????????
• ?????????,????????????????????(??????????)?????,??
  ??????????????????

81 ????? 68 ???????? 125 ????? 126 ???????
9
11.2 ???????

• ??????????
• ????????????????????
• ????,piecemeal growth,...
• ?????????????????
• Modesto,Mexicali
• Oregon

59 ???? 105 ?????? 111 ?????? 112 ?????? 161
??????? 171 ??????
10
11.2 ???????

• ???????
• ???????
• ???????,???
• ????????????
• ?????????????
• ????????
• ?????????????
• 10??????????????????...
• ???????????????
• ??,???,??,??
• ??,??,??/????

??? ???
3????
11
11.3 ???????
154 ?????(Teenage Cottage) lt??gt ...???????????,??
???????????????????????,???????????????????,??????
????(153)????????????????? ?
????????????????,?????????????,???????????????????
?? ???????,???????????????????????????,?????????
,... ?????, ???????????????????,??????,????????
?????????????????????????????????,????????????????
,... ? ????????(185)?????????(188)?????,??????
?????????? ...

• Alexander
• ??
• lt??gt
• ??(??,?????????)
• ??,??
• ??????,??????
• ???,??
• ?(?????????)???? ???

12
11.3 ???????
COMPOSITE ??????,?? ???
??-????????????,?????????????????... ???
...????????????????????????????????,...
lt??????gt ?????? ????????,Composite?????????? ???
lt????gt ????? Component??? ?????
???????,Component???????????????,... ???
Composite?????????,????????????? ???
Composite????????????,????????????????????

• GoF
• ?????
• ??
• ??
• ??
• ?????
• ??(????)
• ????
• ????
• ??
• ??
• ???????
• ???
• ????????

13
11.3 ???????

• POSA(Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture)
• ????
• ??
• ?
• ??
• ??
• ???
• ????
• ????
• ??
• ???????
• ???
• ??
• ??
• ??

Model-View-Controller MVC????????????,??????????
??3??????????????????????????,... ?
???????????????????????????????????????,??????????
????... lt?gt ?? ???????????????????????????????????
??????????????... ?? ??????????????????????????,??
?,?????????????????????... ??? MVC???????????????,
smalltalk-80????????????????????,... ????
???????????,?????????????????????????...??????????
,... ltCRC?gt lt????gt ???? ????????,MVC??????????????
????... lt??????gt ??
14
11.3 ???????

• Analysis Patterns (Fowler)
• ??????
• ???
• ??
• ?
• ????????
• Refactoring (Fowler)
• ??
• ??-??
• ??
• ??
• ?(???)

15
11.3 ???????

• ????????????
• ??????????????
• ?????????????
• ???????,???
• ???????????
• ????????
• Force??????
• ?????????
• ?????
• ?????????????
• c.f. ??????????????????
• (http//www.hyuki.com/writing/ehonpat.html)
• ????????????????????
• (??,????????????????2000???)

16
11.4 ?????????????

• ?????????????
• OOPSLA87
• Beck Cunningham
• Using Pattern Languages for Object-Oriented
  Programs
• Window Per Task, Few Panes, Standard Pane, Nouns
  and Verbs, Short Menus
• (Beck?Oregon Univ.?)
• ECOOP/OOPSLA90
• Gamma and Helm
• BOF(Birds-of-a-Feather ?????????)session
• ECOOP91
• GoF????????
• OOPSLA9193
• Pattern???????????

17
11.4 ?????????????

• PLoP???
• OOPSLA91,92????????????
• Hillside Group
• 1993?8?Beck, Booch, Cunningham, Johnson,
  Coplien,
• 1994?4?Gabriel
• PLoP?????????????
• 1994?8?1st PLoP Conference _at_Allerton Park,
  Illinois Univ.
• EuroPLoP(1996)
• ChilliPLoP(1998)
• KoalaPLoP(2000)
• MensolePLoP(2001)

18
11.5 PLoP???

• PLoP???
• Writers Workshop
• ???????
• shepherding
• ???????
• ???
• ???????
• Writing Workshop
• ??????????
• PLoPD
• ???????????

????
19
11.5 PLoP???

• ???????
• a. ??????????????.??,????????
• b. ???????????????????????
• c. ???????????
• d. ?????????????
• e. ????????????????
• f. ??????
• ????????????

20
11.6 ???????????
??????????

• Design Patterns (1995)
• GoF(Gang of Four)
• Gamma, Helm, Johnson, and Vlissides
• ???????????????
• Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture(1996)
• Siemens Group
• Buschmann, Meunier, Rohnert, Sommerlad, and Stal
• ?????????????????
• Analysis Patterns(1997)
• Martin Fowler
• ????????????
• ????????(???????????)
• PLoPD(Pattern Language of Programming and Design)
• Anti Patterns

21
11.7 ?????????
??????????

• ?????????
• ????(Accountability)
• ?????
• ???????
• ??????????
• ???????(Account)
• ????????
• ??
• ???????
• ??????
• ????????????
• ????????
• ?????????????????
• ?????????????
• ????????????????????
• ??????

22
11.7 ?????????
??????????

• ????(Accountability)
• ?????????????
• ?????
• ??(????)???,?????
• ??????(??????)?

23
11.7 ?????????
??????????
???????????????

• ????(Accountability)
• ?????????
• ?????,????????????
• ??????????
• ?????????????????

??
?
0..1
?
??
??
??
??????
????


???
??
??
???
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??
?????
????
24
(No Transcript)
25
11.7 ?????????
??????????
???????????????

• ????(Accountability)
• 2?????
• ??????????2??

26
(No Transcript)
27
11.7 ?????????
??????????
???????????????

• ????(Accountability)
• ??????
• ??????????,??????????

28
(No Transcript)
29
11.7 ?????????
??????????
???????????????

• ????(Accountability)
• ?????????????
• ???????????
• ????????

30
(No Transcript)
31
11.7 ?????????
??????????

• ????(Accountability)
• ?????????????????
• ???????
• Customer-Performer???

32
11.7 ?????????
??????????
???????????????

• ????(Accountability)
• ???????????
• ??????(???)
• ?????????????
• ????

inv collxset(????)self.the????
collX-gtforALL( x x.?.???-gtincludes(x.???.?)
and x.?.???-gtincludes(x.???.?))
33

• ????
• ??????
• ?????????????????,2001?12?18???????????????????
  ??

?? ?????
???
???????
?
?? ?????
???
?
?
????
???????
???
???? ????
???? ????
??
???
2001/12/18
34
11.7 ?????????
??????????
???????????????

• ??(Account)
• ?????
• ??
• ??????????

35

• ????
• ????????????????
• 2001?5?1?,?????????A???45,000???????????????2001?
  5?31?,??????????????,?????????????????????

????
???????? 2001?5?1?
???????
-45000?
????
45000?
A????
????
-45000?
???????? 2001?5?31?
??????
????
45000?
36
11.7 ?????????
??????????
???????????????

• ??(Account)
• ??(Summary)
• ??????

?? ??
????
/?? ?

??
/??????

0..1
????
??????
????????
????
????
?? ?

1
1
2..
inv /??????self.??????
inv /??????self.????./??????
37
(No Transcript)
38
11.8 ????????
??????????

• ??????????
• Abstract Factory Builder
• Factory Method Prototype
• Singleton
• ??????????
• Adapter Bridge
• Composite Decorator
• Façade Flyweight
• Proxy
• ????????????
• Cain of Responsibility
• Command Interpreter
• Iterator mediator
• Memento Observer
• State Strategy
• Template Method
• Visitor

39
11.8 ????????
??????????

• Observer
• 1????(Subject)?????????(Observers)
• Observer??Subject??1?????????
• ???????
• update()??????,????????????

abstract Subject
abstract Observer
observer -gtupdate()

Notify() Attach(Observer) Detach(observer)
update()
observer
ConcreteSubject
subject
SetState() GetState()
observerState subject.GetState()
return subjectState
subjectState
40
11.8 ????????
??????????

• Observer
• Observer???(Attach())
• ???????????(Notify()-gtupdate())
• Observer????????????
• Subject?Model?,Observer?View???

41
11.8 ????????
??????????

• State
• ????????????,??????????
• ???????????????
• ????????????
• ConcreteState?singleton

Context
abstract State
state.Handle()

Request()
Handle()
state
state
42
11.8 ????????
??????????

• State
• State???????????????

public class ??? private ???? _state
private Money _salary public void
setState(???? s) _state s public
void Request( ) _salary _state.????( )
public class ???? ... public class ????
extends ???? public Money ????( )
return ??? ???( ) private Money ???( )
...
public class ??? private Money _salary
private char _state public void setState(char
s) _state s public void Request(
) if(_state 1) _salary ???
???( ) else if(_state 2) _salary
??? ???( ) else ... private
Money ???( ) ... private Money ???( ) ...
43
???????

• ?????????????????????
• ?????????
• ???????????Force