Unit one ways of learning

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Strategies for English-Chinese Film TV
Subtitling (??????????)
2
Two forms of translation of English films and TV
series

• Dubbing(??) covering the original English voice
  by Chinese voice.
• Subtitling(????) providing synchronized (???)
  Chinese subtitles for English speeches.

3
Natures of Film TV Subtitles(???????)
4

• translation of written or printed materials
  translation of film and TV subtitles
• (??????? Vs ???????)

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• Translation of printed or written materials

We can reread the part which we could not
understand at first glance or which has been
presented before. (??????????,??????????????,????
??????????.)
6

• Translation of film TV subtitles

• We cannot reread the subtitles which we do not
  understand at first glance or which have been
  presented before, because subtitles disappear
  nearly immediately after the end of speeches.
• (?????????????????????????,?????????,??????.)

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• film and TV subtitles

Transient (????)
Irreversible (????)
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Time and Space Constraints(???????)

• Time Constraints

The appearance and disappearance of each subtitle
should coincide roughly with the beginning and
end of the corresponding speeches, therefore, a
subtitle can be kept on the screen for only
several seconds. (??????????????????????????????
??,????????????????????.)
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Time and Space Constraints

• Space Constraints

• Considering the reading speed of viewers, some
  subtitle translators suggest that there should be
  only one line of Chinese subtitle each time, and
  the number of Chinese characters should be no
  more than 13 or 14.
• (??????????,?????????????????????,????????13
  ?14?.)

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Natures of Film TV Subtitles

• Transience and Irreversibility
• (???,?????)
• Time and Space Constraints
• (????????)

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Principles for English-Chinese Film TV
Subtitling(????????)

• Conciseness(??)
• Immediate Comprehensibility (??)

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Example 1-- Hes probably not there, but if I
dont at least look, Ill always wonder about it.
from
Sleepless in Seattle
(??????)
-- ?????,?????????,??????????.
-- ?????,???????.
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Example 2 -- Yes, I would just like to know
where I could get this mans address.
from Sleepless in Seattle
-- ??,????????????????.
-- ????????.
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• Example 3-- And for a while I could not enter,
  for the way was barred to me.
• 
  from Rebecca
• (???)

-- ??????,?????????
-- ??????,??????
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• Example 4-- She stood there laughing, her black
  hair blowing in the wind-- and told me all about
  herself - everything.
• 
  from Rebecca

-- ???????,?????? -- ??????,????.
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Techniques for English-Chinese Film TV
Subtitling(??????????)
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1.Using Simple Syntactic Structures
(?????????)

• ?????????????????
• ?????????????
• ????????????????
• ?????????
• ????????????
• ????????
• ????????????
• ????????

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2. Using Simple Vocabularies (??????)

• ? be miserly, stingy ??
• ???,??
• ? be thin ??
• ? ??
• ? be familiar with ??
• ? ??
• ? be foolhardy, foolishly bold ????
• ? ????

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• ?Many a little makes a mickle. ????
• ? ????
• ? foot of a mountain ??
• ? ??
• ? origin, source ??
• ? ??,??
• ? be of great benefit ????
• ? ????

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Reducing Source Text (????)

• Deletion (??)
• to leave out some words or phrases.
• Condensation (??)
• to maintain only the gist of the original
  text. (????????????)
• Reductive Paraphrase (?????)
• to convey the meaning of the original
  utterance in a concise way. (???????????????)

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Will the conveyance of information much affected
if we reduce the original utterance?
(?????????,??????????????)
No. Viewers do not just read subtitles. They
also watch the picture on the screen and listen
to the sound and music. Therefore, some loss of
information in the subtitles can be compensated
through other channels. (????????,???????????,???
.??,??????????????????????.)
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1) Deletion (??)

• filler words (???)
• um, uh, er, ah, okay, so, actually,
  you know, well, but, anyway, look, etc.
• repetition(??)
• tautologies (?????)
• look out be careful
• some exclamations (??)
• my goodness, oh, my God, Jesus
• tag questions (?????)
• dont you, isnt it
• simple forms of address(??), greetings or
  farewells
• sir, madam, good morning, hi, hello,
  goodbye)

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Example 1Gumps mother tried to persuade the
principal of an elementary school to admit
Forrest. -- Well, were all different. --
???????
from Forrest Gump
(????)
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Example 2Forrest recalled the first day when he
met Jenny. -- You know its funny what a young
man recollects. -- ?????????
from Forrest
Gump
(????)
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Example 3A thief pretended to be kindhearted by
warning others to be on alert. When other people
thanked him without caution, he stole their money
rapidly. -- Watch yourself. Be on guard. This
place is full of vulture. -- ????,???????.
from Casablanca
(?????)
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Example 4-- Oh, God, I forgot my present for
your stepmother -- I took it inside by
accident. -- ??????????????
from Sleepless in Seattle
(??????)
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Example 5-- Walter. Its quite a formal name,
isnt it? -- ??,??????
from Sleepless in Seattle
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Example 6Mrs. Gump was talking to Forrest, --
Remember what I told you, Forrest. -- ????????

from Forrest Gump
(????)
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Example 7-- Hi, Barry! Remember me?--
??,?????
from Friends
(???)
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2) Condensation (??) to maintain only the gist
of the original text. (????????????)
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Example Forrest talked about Jennys poor living
conditions. -- She lived in a house that was as
old as Alabama.-- ??????????
from Forrest
Gump
(????)
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3. Reductive Paraphrase (?????) to convey
the meaning of the original utterance in a
concise way. (???????????????)
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Example 1Harriet You can go there if you want,
but dont open his refrigerator.
??????,????????They dont cover anything when
they put it in the fridge. They just stick it in
and leave it there till it walks out by itself.
from Sleepless in
Seattle
(??????????????,?????????????????? )
?????,??????
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Example 2Both Ugarte and Captain Renault earned
a lot of money by selling visas(??) to the
refugees(??). Ugarte tried to find an excuse to
explain his action. -- Think of the poor devils
who cant meet Renaults price. I get it for them
for half.
from Casablanca
(?????????,??????????.??????.)
-- ??????,????
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4. Combining Short Utterances (??????)
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Example 1-- What about the engineer? Why cant
he marry us on the train?
from Casablanca
--????????????????????????
-- ?????????????
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Example 2-- Five minutes in the microwave. Any
one of them, five minutes and done. Ready to eat.
from Sleepless in
Seattle
--????????.????,??????,?????
-- ???????????
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Example 3-- He doesnt have one now. Thats the
problem. from Sleepless
in Seattle
--????????.???????.
-- ??????
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Techniques for English-Chinese Film TV
Subtitling

• Using Simple Syntactic Structures (?????????)
• Using Simple Vocabularies (???????)
• Reducing Source Text (????)
• 1. Deletion (??) to leave out some words or
  phrases.
• 2. Condensation (??) to maintain only the
  gist of the original text. (????????????)
• 3. Reductive Paraphrase (?????) to convey
  the meaning of the original utterance in a
  concise way. (???????????????)
• Combining Short Utterances(??????)

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• The End