Goal 2

1
Goal 2

• US Constitution and the values, purposes, and
  principles of the American Government

2
Principles of the US Constitution

• Popular Sovereignty will of the people
• Limited Government government must obey laws
  (laws in Constitution are above government)
• Judicial Review courts can declare laws
  unconstitutional
• Checks and Balances three branches of
  government can limit each other
• Separation of Powers the national, state, and
  local governments have own powers (reserved,
  concurrent, enumerated or exclusive)

3
Whats in the Constitution?

• Preamble explains purpose and intent
• Articles 1-3 (First 3 branches of government)

• Elastic or Necessary and Proper Clause allows
  government to make all laws deemed necessary and
  proper
• Supremacy Clause says Constitution is supreme law
• Full Faith and Credit Clause says states respect
  each others laws

4
Legislative Branch Article I

• Senate (upper house) and House of Representatives
  (lower house)
• Both can censure (publicly reprimand) or expel
  (expulsion) a senator, but give them immunity
  (protection from some laws), franking privilege
  (free postage), and a high salary
• Both have committee systems with a seniority
  system, they work on bills and attempt to create
  laws for society and can override (with 2/3) a
  veto

5
The House v. Senate

• House
• 1) Hear appropriations bills first and impeaches
  President
• 2) Has Speaker of House, Majority and Minority
  Leaders and Party Whips
• 3) s are based on population of state, changes
  every 10 years with census

• Senate
• 1) Confirms appointments by President and runs
  trial after impeachment
• 2) Has VP as head, President Pro Tempore,
  Majority and Minority Leaders and Party Whips
• 3) s are 2 senators per state

6
Limitations of Congress

• Writ of Habeas Corpus having the right to go
  before a judge
• Bills of Attainder none allowed because they
  convict people of crimes without trial
• Ex Post Facto Laws none allowed because they
  make a past activity illegal when it wasnt
  illegal at that time
• Titles of Nobility not allowed to be given

7
Executive Branch Article II Roles of President
Chief of State (represents US) Commander in Chief (armed forces leader) Chief Diplomat (negotiates with other nations)
Chief Executive (appoints officials) Chief Legislator (Proposes budgets, laws) Party Leader (head of party he/she belongs)
8
Powers of the President

• Veto
• Executive Orders and Agreements
• Pardons, Commutes, and Reprieves
• State of the Union Address given
• Makes Treaties and Appointments

9
Federal Agencies
FBI law enforcement CIA conducts spy missions, espionage ATF firearms and explosives
DEA drug laws CIS citizenship and immigration IRS investigate those who havent paid taxes
FEMA disaster response NTSB improves transportation CDC Medicare and Medicaid
10
The Judicial Branch Article III

• Federal Courts and State Courts with Chief
  Justice, Associate Justices
• Jurisdiction
• 1) Original hear cases first
• 2) Appellate hear cases already heard
• 3) Concurrent state and national courts have
  jurisdiction
• 4) Exclusive only national courts have
  jurisdiction

11
Other Amendments to Constitution
11 Sue States 12 Separate Ballots for VP and P 13 Outlaws slavery 14 Equal Protection and Due Process 15 Right to vote for blacks 16 Income Tax
17 Senators elected by people 18 Prohibition of alcohol 19 Womens Suffrage 20 Lame Duck, shortens time 21 Repealed Prohibition 22 Term Limit for Pres is 2
23 DC in electoral college 24 bans poll taxes 25 establishes pres succession 26 voting age is 18 yrs 27 Pay raises in Congress
12
Important Cases Federal Authority

• Marbury v. Madison Judicial Review
• McCullough v. Maryland National bank over State
  bank (Supremacy Clause)
• Gibbons v. Ogden National Govt regulates
  interstate commerce
• Korematsu v. US Govt can make any laws
  necessary and proper during war

13
Important Cases Race and Segregation

• Plessy v. Ferguson separate but equal is legal
• Brown v. Board of Education separate but equal
  is not legal
• Heart of Atlanta Motel v. US Congress can
  strike down racial segregation through interstate
  commerce
• Swann v. Charlotte-Meck Board of Education
  busing should be used to integrate schools
• Regents of UC v. Bakke racial quotas violate
  the 14th Amendment

14
Important Cases Bill of Rights

• Furman v. Georgia and Gregg v. Georgia ruled
  against and then for the death penalty as cruel
  and unusual punishment
• Mapp v. Ohio requires a search warrant to
  search someones house
• Gideon v. Wainwright states must provide
  attorneys for those who cant afford them
• Miranda v. Arizona protection against
  self-incrimination by informing people of right
  to remain silent
• Texas v. Johnson flag burning is legal

15
Important Cases Bill of Rights and School

• New Jersey v. TLO reasonable suspicion counts
  as a warrant in searching belongings at school
• Engel v. Vitale forced prayer at school is a
  violation of the first amendment
• Bethel School v. Frasier schools can prohibit
  speech that violates values of public education
  in a school
• Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier schools can censor any
  material deemed inappropriate

16
Constitutional Issues

• Loose v. Strict Interpretation
• States Rights and Redistricting within States
• Majority Rule v. Minority Rights
• Separation of church and state
• Right to Bear Arms
• Term Limits
• Civil Liberties v. National Security (Patriot
  Act)
• Interest Groups Relations

17
National Government Revenue

• Some money from fees and fines, as well as
  treasury bonds
• Taxes are main source
• 1) Direct (goes to govt) v. Indirect (goes
  through other sources to govt like gas tax)
• 2) Types of Taxes Income, Corporate, Excise,
  Estate, Tariff, Social Security (not Sales Tax)
• 3) Regressive Tax (more income, less tax) v.
  Progressive Tax (more income, more tax) v.
  Proportional Tax (everyone pays same )

18
National Government Spending

• Expenditures on defense, health programs, public
  goods, etc.
• Expenditures are placed in a national budget
• If expenditures revenue then balanced budget,
  if higher then deficit spending, if lower then
  budget surplus