Vocabulary Review

1
Vocabulary Review

• Cells

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Smallest Unit of Life
CELL
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First to use a simple microscope to draw cork
cells from dead plants
ROBERT HOOKE
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First person to see and draw living cells
LEEUWENHOEK
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Idea that all living things are made of cells
CELL THEORY
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What new cells come from
EXISTING CELLS
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A constant internal environment maintained by
cells
HOMEOSTASIS
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This grows faster that the surface area of a cell
CELL VOLUME
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This determines the function of a cell
SHAPE
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Surrounds the outside of cells controls what
enters and leaves
CELL MEMBRANE
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The fluid and organelles between the cell
membrane and nuclear membrane
CYTOPLASM
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Fluid making up the cytoplasm
CYTOSOL
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Control center of the cell where DNA is located
NUCLEUS
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Genetic material of a cell
DNA
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The phospholipid heads that attract water
HYDROPHILIC
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Cells lacking a nucleus no membrane-bound
organelles
PROKARYOTES
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Region in bacteria where DNA (single chromosome)
NUCLEOID
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Domain containing ancient bacterial forms
ARCHAEA
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Cell structure that perform a specific job for a
cell
ORGANELLE
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Cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles
EUKARYOTE
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Organisms composed of more than one cell
MULTICELLULAR
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Made of similar cells working together to do a
particular job
TISSUES
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Made of organs working together to do a
particular job
ORGAN SYSTEM
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A double layer of these molecules make up the
cell membrane
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
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The tails of phospholipids are this means it
doesnt like water
HYDROPHOBIC
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The model of phospholipids and embedded proteins
of the cell membrane
FLUID MOSAIC
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Proteins embedded in the cell membrane
INTEGRAL PROTEINS
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Uncoiled chromosomes in the nucleus of
non-dividing cells
CHROMATIN
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Genetic material in the nucleus made of DNA and
protein
CHROMOSOMES
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Double layer with pores surrounding the nucleus
NUCLEAR ENVELOPE
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Organelle inside of the nucleus that makes
ribosomes
NUCLEOLUS
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Openings in the nuclear envelope
NUCLEAR PORES
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Made of rRNA and protein and assembly amino acids
into a polypeptide chain
RIBOSOMES
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Long, whip-like structures used by some cells for
movement
FLAGELLA
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Site of cellular respiration
MITOCHONDRIA
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Unattached ribosomes in the cytoplasm
FREE RIBOSOMES
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Energy molecule used by cells to do work
ATP
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Proteins attached only to one side of the cell
membrane
PERIPHERAL PROTEINS
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System of membranes and tubes in the cytoplasm
connecting the nuclear membrane to the cell
membrane
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
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ER with ribosomes attached to its surface
ROUGH ER
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System of flattened sacs that modify and package
proteins
GOLGI
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Small sacs containing cell products that can be
transported from the cell
VESICLES
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Organelle that digests food and worn out cell
parts
LYSOSOMES
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Made of microtubules and microfilaments to give
support to cells and move organelles
CYTOSKELETON
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Organelle made of microtubules in animal cells
that helps form the spindle for cell division
CENTRIOLES
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Short, hair-like structures that help some cells
move
CILIA
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Made of cellulose and surrounds the outside of
plant cells
CELL WALL
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Organelle that contains pigments in plant cells
PLASTID
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The largest organelle found in plants containing
the cell sap
CENTRAL VACUOLE
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ER that makes cholesterol helps detoxify poisons
SMOOTH ER
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