Chapter%2021%20The%20Progressives%20Confront%20Industrial%20Capitalism

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Chapter 21The Progressives Confront Industrial
Capitalism

• The American People, 6th ed.

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The Social Justice Movement
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Progressivism

• Progressives were influenced primarily by the
  ideas of the Darwinian revolution, specifically
  the idea that the world was constantly in
  transition and fluid
• Progressivism was the first modern reform
  movement encompassed such diverse fields as
  environmentalism and birth control

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Muckrakers

• A new breed of journalist prevalent in the 1890s
  that was interested in the form of written
  whistle-blowing telling the readership what was
  wrong in America
• Targeted specific governments and businesses such
  as the meat-packing industry

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Reformers

• Instrumental in the establishment of child-labor
  legislation in the United States
• Targeted length of workday for women, birth
  control and sexuality
• Endorsed better housing and education, pointing
  to the detriment of urban overcrowding and
  establishing early fire codes
• Crusaded against saloons, brothels and movie
  houses

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The Worker in the Progressive Era
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Immigrants and Industrial Labor

• The industrial workforce of the era, composed
  largely of transient immigrants, had a fluid
  character and changed often
• The principles of science were applied to the
  emerging field of management in order to increase
  efficiency and profits

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Union Organizing and Reform

• Samuel Gompers American Federation of Labor
  first large American labor union
• Devastating fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist
  Company forced New York State to examine workers
  conditions in manufacturing
• International Workers of the World radical
  labor union impatient with the negotiation
  strategy

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Reform in the Cities and States
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Municipal Reformers

• The continued growth of the cities in America
  caused a wide range of social problems
• The inclusion of large populations of immigrants
  was the important difference between American and
  European cities
• Municipal reform was chiefly concerned with
  making the operation and administration of the
  city as efficient as possible through innovative
  adaptations of business management techniques to
  government

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Reform in the States

• The American federalist system of government gave
  the actions of reform by the states an important
  place in the countrys overall growth
• Most reform came in the form of laws increasing
  democracy, individual freedoms, social justice,
  and efficiency of government

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Theodore Roosevelt and the Square Deal
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Trusts

• Foremost on Roosevelts hit list was an attempt
  to control the actions of large industrial
  corporations that were constantly consolidating,
  growing bigger and more powerful
• Directed the justice department to prosecute some
  of the largest corporations in the country under
  the Sherman Anti-Trust Act

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Meat Inspection and the FDA

• Roosevelts first major reform began in response
  to Upton Sinclairs novel of the Chicago
  meatpacking industry The Jungle
• Led to a Meat Inspection Act of 1906 that
  restored the countrys faith in the industry and
  increased its profits
• The Pure Food and Drug Act corrected some of the
  worst abuses in American industry

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Conservation

• Roosevelt tripled the land set aside for national
  forests, bringing the total to more than 150
  million acres
• Worked to increase public awareness of the
  limited amount of resources in America

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Woodrow Wilson and the New Freedom
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Wilsonian Reform

• Recommended reducing the national tariff to
  eliminate favoritism, freeing the banking system
  from Wall Street control, and restoring
  competition in industry
• A compromise bill to retool the banking system
  resulted in a modest income tax and the creation
  of the Federal Reserve System

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Moving Closer to a New Nationalism

• In response to ongoing need to police the affairs
  of big business, Wilson submitted the Clayton Act
  to Congress in 1914 and endorsed the Federal
  trade Commission embedded with enough power to
  curtail companies guilty of restricting
  competition

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