ENTREPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOUR OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITY

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ENTREPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOUR OF PEOPLE WITH
DISABILITY
INICO, Institute on Community Integration
University of Salamanca. Spain
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•     

Research Team Miguel Angel Verdugo Cristina
Jenaro Marta Rodriguez
Ávila
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1. INTRODUCTION

•     
• Research was conducted by the Institute on
  Community Integration of the University of
  Salamanca (INICO) (July 2002-January 2003)
• Development of a questionnaire to measure the
  perception of Avilas population
• Instrument Questionnaire of Assessment of
  Entrepreneurial Behavior (CECE)

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2. OBJECTIVES

•     To study the enterprising behaviour of
  people with disabilities
• To assess Avilas populations support toward
  business activity developed by general population
  and by individuals with disabilities
• To assess knowledge and supports
• To determine the influence of individual
  variables
• To analyse the appraisal of their own abilities
• To evaluate availability of supports for the
  development of a business initiative

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3. PARTICIPANTS

• People with physical and psychological
  disabilities from Avila (Spain)
• General population have been interviewed
  (N4761),
• (n 300) people with disabilities
• Most of people with disabilities have a physical
  disability,
• (age 21-30)
• Most of surveyed population have primary studies

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Disability
N
Physical 157 52.7
Psychological 78 26.2
Sensorial 45 15.1
Multiple disability 17 5.7
No Answer 3 0.3
Total 300 100.0
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4. INSTRUMENT QUESTIONNAIRE OF ASSESSMENT OF
ENTREPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOR (CECE) (Verdugo y
Jenaro, 2002)

• - First Part Data on social factors to
  determine the relevance and representativeness of
  the sample, based on statistic criteria (Meeting
  Castilla y León, 2001 VV.AA., 1998) of the
  Avilas population
• - Second part Based on 1) previous Studies
  (Verdugo et al., 1996/98) 2) Items to evaluate
  the Big Five and 3) Items developed for the
  current study
• - Pilot version 84 items grouped into five
  factors 1) Beliefs on knowledge and supports, 2)
  knowledge and supports, 3) leadership, 4)
  self-control and 5) emotional stability

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CECE-2002 QuestionnaireVerdugo Jenaro (2002)

• IDENTIFICATION OF THE EVALUATOR
• This section should be filled in by the person
  responsible for giving or sending the
  questionnaire)
• RESPONDENT DATA
• To be filled by every respondent. Gender, age,
  studies, community size, father and mother
  occupation, professional experience
• C. INSTRUCTIONS TO RESPOND THE QUESTIONNAIRE
• Meaning of the different options are
• TA, Total Agreement, QD, Quite Disagreement,
• QA Quite Agreement, TD,Total Disagreement.
• Some Items
• Family support is important when planning on
  creating a company
• I d like to be my own boss
• I feel vulnerable to external critics
• I am not a competitive person
• I have the human resources to create a business,
  or I know how to obtain them
• Im a person who always look for new
  experiences

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Factor 1. Emotional balance It is composed of 10
items related to control of emotionsFactor 2.
Leadership It is composed of 13 items. The
factor relates to the ability to understand
others needs and problems, as well as to
successfully cooperate with themFactor 3.
Tenacity It is composed of 14 items. It is
related to self-regulation, self-control,
thoughtfulness, scrupulosity, order, diligence,
perseverance, meticulousness and
tenacityFactor 4. Self-control It is composed
of 14 items. It is related to self-restraint
FACTORS MEASURED BY THE QUESTIONNAIRE

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5. PROCEDURE

• Construction of the instrument
• Application to a representative sample of the
  total of the population of Avila and of the
  collective of specific interest.
• Contribution to the field work of several
  associations
• Correction, categorization, analysis and
  interpretation of data of the 4.761
  questionnaires. 300 people with disabilities
• Analysis of the sample of persons with
  disabilities

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6. RESULTS (I)

• Available supports and predisposition of Avilas
  population towards business activity
• Businessmen from Avila, have good attitudes,
  positive beliefs and disposition towards
  supporting enterprise initiatives
• Women, and persons with disabilities, show higher
  appraisals

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RESULTS (II)

• Persons with disabilities, Knowledge and
  supports
• According, abilities related to planning, are
  most important
• General population have poor knowledge and lack
  of supports to develop a business

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RESULTS (III)

• Perception of knowledge and supports of the
  persons with disabilities
• General lack of knowledge on how to create a
  small or medium business
• Low interest related to the business world
• Low intention to create businesses

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RESULTS (IV)

• Influence of individual and contextual
  variables in the configuration of the enterprise
  spirit of persons with disabilities
• Hypothesis
• 1. There will not be differences based on gender,
  having or not a disability, type of disability,
  age, number of inhabitants, background of the
  business, if its the first, second or third
  employment, or if its retail or wholesale
  commerce
• 2. There will be differences related to
• The respondents training background
• Profession of the parents and of the polled one
• Absence or presence of professional experience
  of the polled one

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RESULTS (V)

• Gender and age originate different types of
  enterprising attitudes
• Individuals with disabilities show lower
  entrepreneurial attitudes than their peers
  without disabilities
• Professional experience, labour mobility, and
  lesser background are associated to higher
  entrepreneurial attitudes
• Higher educational background is associated to
  higher scores on variables related to success as
  entrepreneurs
• Having a parent businessmen model is associated
  to the success as entrepreneur
• Being an entrepreneur is associated to higher
  entrepreneurial profile

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7. DISCUSSION

• Strategies to promote the enterprising spirit in
  persons with disabilities
• At a social level
• To carry out a previous intervention to enhance
  social awareness
• To promote attitudes of support toward
  entrepreneurial initiatives for disadvantaged
  population
• 2. To target population
• To increase motivation, create entrepreneurial
  initiatives
• To introduce specific training programs to
  increase their knowledge

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THANK YOU VERY MUCH!