The Moon

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The Moon

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MOON

• a natural satellite of a planet
• may vary widely in composition

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The Earths Moon

• Lunar rocks brought back during Apollo missions
  found to be 4.6 billion years olda clue to the
  age of the Earth and of our solar system

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Exploring the Moon

• 1957 Soviet Union launched Sputnik I, the first
  artificial satellite

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Exploring the Moon

• 1961 Yuri A. Gagarin, Soviet cosmonaut, became
  first human in space
• 1962 Project Mercury Alan B. Shepard, Jr.,
  first American in space
• Project Gemini launched 2-person crews

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Apollo 11

• July 20, 1969
• First manned mission to land on the
  moon
• Neil Armstrong and Edwin Buzz Aldrin

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I. Formation of the Moon

• Giant-Impact Hypothesis
• Mars-sized body struck the Earth early in its
  history
• Collision caused an ejection of fragments into
  orbit around Earth
• Fragments eventually joined to form the moon
• Supported by silica-rich samples of moon rocks
  brought back by Apollo astronauts

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• Moon Impact Theory

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II. Movements of the Moon

• The orbit of the moon around Earth is an ellipse
• Apogee when the moon is furthest away from Earth
• Perigee when the moon is closest to Earth

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ROTATION and REVOLUTION Periods are EQUAL

• Revolution around the Earth 27.3 days
• Revolution around Earth creates moon phases and
  eclipses
• Rotation on its axis one rotation during each
  orbit around the Earth

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A. Tides

• The daily, periodic rise and fall of Earths
  water levels caused by the gravitational
  attraction between the Earth and moon
• Two (2) high and low tides each day
• Create a bulge of land and water on one side of
  the Earth

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SPRING TIDES higher high tides and lower low
tides at FULL and NEW moon phases
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• During SPRING TIDES
• The SUN, MOON, EARTH form a LINE
• To SPRING means
• to jump or
• to leap up

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• NEAP TIDES weak tides tidal ranges at a minimum
• occur during QUARTER moons

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B. Eclipses

• 1. SOLAR Eclipse MOON is between the Earth and
  the Sun and blocks out the Sun.

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2. LUNAR Eclipse EARTH is between the moon and
the Sun and Earths shadow blocks out the moon.

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• Eclipses

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What makes the moon shine?
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III. Lunar Cycle Phases of the Moon

• NEW Moon moon is not illuminated (lit)
• FULL Moon full lighted circle
• Earth is between the moon and the sun

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• WAXING Moon size of the visible portion of the
  moon increases

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• WANING Moon size of the
• visible portion of the moon
• decreases

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Lunar Month

• Synodic month measured from new moon to new
  moon 29.53 days
• Sidereal month orbital period 27.32 days

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Sidereal vs. Synodic Periods
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• Phases of the Moon

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