Northern%20and%20Western%20Europe

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Northern and Western Europe
CHAPTER 14

• Section 1 The British Isles
• Section 2 France
• Section 3 The Benelux Countries
• Section 4 Scandinavia

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Objectives
Section 1 The British Isles

• How has history affected the culture of the
  British Isles?
• Why are the cultures of Ireland and the United
  Kingdom similar?
• How has the British economy changed over the last
  200 years?
• What issue has caused tension in Northern Ireland?

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A. Effects of history on the culture
I. The British Isles

• 1. 5,000 years ago, earliest settlers,
  Stonehenge.
• 2. Later, Celtsthe ancestors of Scots, Welsh,
  and Irishoccupied England.
• 3. Romans arrived and built towns.
• 4. Angles and Saxons came, drove Celts to
  highland Britain.
• 5. Vikings raided and built coastal settlements.
• 6. Norman conquest of 1066 brought French
  influence.

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B. Similarities of Ireland and the United
Kingdom
I. The British Isles

• 1.Social life centers on local eateries.
• 2. Same Sports soccer, rugby, and cricket
• 3. English is main language.

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C. Changes in the British economy
I. The British Isles

• 1. Britain industrialized in early 1800s.
• 2. It dominated global trade through much of the
  1800s.
• 3. By 1900 Britain had lost its dominance mines
  and industries declined.
• 4. Britain nationalized many industries after
  World War II then privatized again.
• 5. Today the economy is strong high tech
  industries, oil and gas, services, tourism.

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D. Tensions in Northern Ireland
I. The British Isles

• 1. Division between Protestants and Catholics
  has brought violence.
• 2. Britain has tried to keep peace.
• 3. 1998 agreement set up shared government, but
  future is unclear.

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Objectives
Section 2 France

• What is French culture like?
• What are some of the main industries in France?
• What challenges does France face today?

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Features of French culture
Section 2 France

• strong identity united by language and religion
• mainly Roman Catholic
• concern about American influence
• strong desire to preserve customs

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Major industries
Section 2 France

• fashion design
• perfume and cosmetics
• jewelry, glassware, furniture
• tourism
• high-techaviation, communications, space
  technology

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Challenges
Section 2 France

• privatizationconverting state-owned businesses
  brings unemployment
• immigrationintegrating migrants from North
  Africa, Asia, West Africa
• colonial empiremaintaining ties without unrest
  or violence

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Objectives
Section 3 The Benelux Countries

• What historical ties do the Benelux countries
  share?
• What are the cities and economies of the Benelux
  countries like?

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Historical ties
Section 3 The Benelux Countries

• once part of the Netherlands
• invaded by foreign powers
• political and economic union after World War II

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Cities and economy of Belgium
Section 3 The Benelux Countries

• Brusselscosmopolitan capital headquarters of
  EU, NATO
• Antwerpsecond city of Belgium key port
• industry, agriculture, services for international
  business

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Cities and economy of the Netherlands
Section 3 The Benelux Countries

• diversified economyagriculture (dairy, flowers),
  exports, natural gas
• urbanized area (Randstad) includes major
  citiesAmsterdam (capital), Rotterdam (key port),
  The Hague (Parliament, International Court of
  Justice)

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Economy of Luxembourg
Section 3 The Benelux Countries

• highest per capita GDP in world36,400
• traditional steel producer international banking
  now more important

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Objectives
II. Scandinavia

• How are the cultures of Scandinavia similar to
  and different from each other?
• What does the economy of this region rely on?
• In what areas do most people in Scandinavia live?

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A. Scandinavian cultures
Section 4Scandinavia

• Similarities
• religionmainly Protestant Lutheran
• most languages related
• democratic governments
• Differences
• Finnish language not related to others
• Lapps a distinct culture

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Economic foundations
Section 4Scandinavia

• high-tech industries and export-oriented
  economies
• commercial agriculture in Denmark
• forest products in Sweden
• fishing in Iceland and Norway
• offshore oil and gas in Norway

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Settlement patterns
Section 4Scandinavia

• Most people live in southern parts of countries,
  where climate is warmer.
• 85 percent of Swedes live in cities.
• One-fourth of Danes and Norwegians live in or
  around capital cities.
• Most Finns live near Helsinki.
• People in Greenland and Iceland live near coast.