United States History I

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United States History I

• Chapter 10-4 Causes of the American Civil War
• Standards 1.2-1.8

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Sectionalism and the Roots of Conflict

• During the 1800s, the northern and southern
  sections of the United States began to grow
  apart socially and economically
• North Industry
• South Cash Crops Cotton/Tobacco

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The Missouri Compromise 1820

• 60,000 People needed in area/territory before it
  can apply for statehood
• 1820 11 Slave and 11 Free States
• Missouri applied for statehood
• Balance of power would be offset one way or the
  other. Will Missouri be slave or free?
• Who cares? Why would this be important for
  political power? Discussion

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Missouri Compromise 1820

• Maine also applied for statehood at the same
  time PROBLEM SOLVED for now
• See map of U.S. Maine vs. Missouri
• Compromise Giving a little of something in order
  to get a little bit of something you want
• Missouri Compromise Maine is admitted as a free
  state while Missouri enters the UNION as a slave
  state State Count 12-12
• Future? 36-30 Line Established Anything North
  would be Free and Everything South would be slave

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Missouri Compromise Map 1820
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California Gold Rush 1849

• 1848 Gold is found in the mountains of
  California
• 1849 People RUSH out to California in order to
  find gold (49ers) Sound Familiar?
• California all of sudden had enough people to
  become a state. Most people wanted California to
  become a free state!
• Slave states become angry and threaten to leave
  the Union!!

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Compromise of 1850

• After nine months of heated debate
• Henry Clay The Great Compromiser suggests
• 1. California be allowed to enter Union as a free
  state South angry
• 2. Territories of Utah and New Mexico established
  w/o restrictions on slavery North angry
• 3. Slave trade was abolished in Washington D.C.
• 4. Strict Fugitive Slave Law was passed Said
  that fugitive slaves HAD to be reported to the
  authorities. SoIf you lived in Indiana and knew
  that a fugitive slave was around and did not
  report it, you were breaking the law! Northerners
  very angry at this law!!
• 13 Free to 12 Slave States

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Uncle Toms Cabin 1852

• Harriet Beecher Stowe Abolitionist who lived in
  Cincinnati, Ohio. Was a contemporary of Frederick
  Douglas.
• Uncle Toms Cabin Book that exposed slavery for
  what it really was and infuriated slave owners in
  the south.
• Eliza and the Horrors of Slavery
• What does it mean when someone is referred to as
  an Uncle Tom?

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The Mighty Ohio River
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Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854

• Stephen Douglas Senator IL
• Wanted to build a transcontinental RR through
  Chicago (Economics)
• Two new territories created Kansas and Nebraska
  Both ABOVE the 36-30 Line!
• Kansas-Nebraska Act Douglas wanted to scrap the
  36-30 line and leave the fate of all future
  states up to POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY Let the people
  choose
• 1854 A group of northern politicians become so
  angry that they form a new political party called
  the Republican Party

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Kansas Nebraska Act 1854
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Bleeding Kansas 1854-1857

• Two groups moved into Kansas in an attempt to
  sway the vote for a constitution that met their
  needs
• Anti-Slavery Lawrence
• Pro-Slavery Lecompton
• After some Pro-Slavery supporters attacked and
  killed some abolitionists. John Brown and his
  sons killed at least five Pro-Slavery people.
• Open fighting broke out and lasted a few years.

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Dred Scott Case 1857

• Background Dred Scott was a slave who was owned
  by a slave owner in Missouri. His owner was in
  the army and spent time in Wisconsin and
  Illinois. When his owner died, the state of
  Missouri tried to sell Dred Scott as property
• Case Dred Scott sued for his freedom and lost
  because he was property
• -Roger Taney -Could not sue because he was not a
  citizen
• -Congress could NOT ban slavery in new territories

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Illinois Senate Race of 1858

• Illinois Senate seat was up for election
• Stephen Douglas was incumbent already held seat
• Abraham Lincoln Republican Challenged Douglas
  to a series of debates all over the state of
  Illinois
• Douglas Believed in Popular Sovereignty
• Lincoln Wanted to stop the SPREAD of slavery to
  new territories Contain it
• LINCOLN LOST THE ELECTION BUT GAINED POPULARITY
  WITH MANY NORTHERNERS
• THIS SET THE STAGE FOR HIM TO RUN FOR PRESIDENT
  IN 1860!

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HARPERS FERRY 1859

• JOHN BROWN Wanted to start a slave revolt in the
  state of Virginia
• -Attacked a U.S. Army Arsenal at Harpers Ferry,
  Virginia
• -No slaves joined the revolt
• -Brown was captured by Robert E. Lee
• -Brown was hanged for treason
• Many in North saw Brown as a Martyr Hero
• Many in the South saw Brown as an extremist

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Election of 1860

• By 1860, the United States was very separated by
  Regional, Political, and Economic differences.
• Election Abraham Lincoln (IL) Republican
• -Stephen Douglas (IL) Northern Democrat
• -John C. Breckinridge (KY) Southern Democrat
• -John Bell (TN) Constitutional Union Party

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Election of 1860

• Lincoln gained most of his support in the North
  while Breckinridge got his from the South
• Many in the southern states hated Lincoln and
  vowed to leave the Union if he was elected They
  thought that he would end slavery for good (THAT
  WAS THEIR DECISION TO MAKE, NOT HIS!)
• -Abraham Lincoln won the election by a count of
  180 Electoral Votes to 72 (Breckinridge)

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Secession!!!

• South Carolina left the Union on December 20th,
  1860 Claimed they did it for States Rights
• February 1st, 1861 Mississippi, Florida,
  Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas joined
  South Carolina Did it to defend American
  Rights like the colonist during the revolution
  of 1776
• John J. Crittenden (KY) wanted to reach a last
  minute Compromise Reestablish 36 30
• Crittendens Compromise did not work

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Confederate States of America are Born! (CSA)

• February 8th, 1861 Montgomery, Alabama
• -REBEL states get together and form the
  Confederate States of America
• -Declared each state independent
• -Jefferson Davis Became the first President of
  the CSA

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Ft. Sumter, S.C.

• Ft. Sumter a Union fort in Confederate
  territory (South Carolina)
• -Major Robert Anderson Commander Asked Lincoln
  for supplies
• If Lincoln refuses to send supplies and abandons
  the fort, then he acknowledges the CSAs right to
  exist. If he sends supplies, then he risks war!
  Lincoln sends supplies
• April 12th, 1861 Confederate forces attack Ft.
  Sumter
• The American Civil War had begun!

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Upper South Secedes

• After Ft. Sumter, Virginia, Arkansas, North
  Carolina, and Tennessee left the Union
• CSA Capital moved to Richmond, Virginia (100
  Miles Away from Washington D.C.)

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Habeas Corpus and the Border States

• Lincoln was worried the rest of the slave states
  would also leave the Union
• He suspended writs of Habeas Corpus right to be
  charged with a crime within 24 hours of being
  arrested and declared Marshall Law (Curfew) in
  order to prevent this
• Kentucky, Missouri, Delaware, West Virginia
  (Broke Away from Virginia), and Maryland (If
  Maryland left, then D.C. was already surrounded
  by the enemy) were the five slave states that DID
  NOT leave the Union AKA Border States

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Which States Left the Union? 11

• CSA
• 1. S.C.
• 2. N.C.
• 3. Virginia
• 4. Tennessee
• 5. Mississippi
• 6. Georgia
• 7. Florida
• 8. Louisiana
• 9. Texas
• 10. Alabama
• 11. Arkansas

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Who stayed loyal? 24 Total

• Non-Slave Union
• 1. Indiana
• 2. Illinois
• 3. Iowa
• 4. Wisconsin
• 5. Minnesota
• 6. Kansas
• 7. Oregon
• 8. California
• 9. Michigan
• 10. Pennsylvania
• 11. New York
• 12. New Jersey
• 13. Connecticut
• 14. Rhode Island
• 15. Massachusetts
• 16. Ohio
• 17. Vermont
• 18. New Hampshire

• Border States
• 1. Kentucky
• 2. Delaware
• 3. Missouri
• 4. W. Virginia
• 5. Maryland

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Map of U.S. During Civil War