European%20Exploration%20and%20Spanish%20Conquest

1
European Exploration and Spanish Conquest

• APUSH
• Ms. Weston
• 8.23.12

2
Who were the indirect discoverers of the New
World?

• Scandinavians in 1000 A.D.
• Christian Crusaders (1000-1300)created cravings
  for exotic goods and shorter route to Asia.
• Marco Polos tales of China (1295)
• Portuguese advances Caravel and special routes
  that could get them to Africa and back

3
How did the slave trade begin?

• Portuguese set up trading posts along West
  African coastto purchase gold and slaves
• Slave trade had already started between Arabs and
  Africans
• Portuguese sped up slave tradeused labor to work
  sugar plantations on African coastal islands.
• Set up a system that Spain would later use when
  it began to colonize New World.

4
Why did Spain take the lead in European
exploration in 1492?

• Unification under Ferdinand and Isabella
• Expulsion of the Moors
• Spanish eager to prove their power over
  Portuguese by exploring West.
• Impact of Renaissance
• New technology printing press, compassSPAIN HAD
  THE UNITY, WEALTH AND POWER TO UNDERGO DISCOVERY
  AND CONQUEST.

5
What was the impact of Columbuss voyages?

• Voyage huge mistake Thought he would find
  shorter route to Asia (the Indies), then hit
  America!
• Set up a new global, interdependent economy
• Europe provided markets, money and technology
• Africa labor
• New World Raw materials

6
The Columbian Exchange

• From the Old World Wheat, sugar, rice, coffee,
  HORSES, cows, DISEASE!!!
• From the New World GOLD, SILVER, corn, potatoes,
  tobacco
• IMPACT In the centuries after Columbuss
  arrival, about 90 of Native Americans killed.

7
The Spanish Conquistadores

• Spain won domination of New World with Treaty of
  Tordesillas with Portugal (1494)
• Spanish conquistadors went to Caribbean and New
  World for two reasons
• To serve God
• For gold and glory
• Exploration in North America (Coronado, de Leon)
• Conquest in South America (Pizarro and Incas,
  Cortes and Aztecs)

8
The Spanish in America

• Empire grew quicklyesp. in Peru and Mexico
• Competition with other powers for land (esp.
  British and French) and desire to christianize
  Native Americans lead Spanish into North America
• Built St. Augustine in Florida (1565)to block
  French and protect Carribean
• Oldest European settlement in US
• Spanish began exploring Northsettlements in New
  Mexico in 1609, Texas in 1716, San Diego in 1769

9
Spanish Treatment of Native Americans

• Used Caribbean islands as bases for American
  conquest
• Began encomienda system in West Indies
  enslavement of native population
• Missions to Christianize and civilize Indians.

10
Native American Resistance

• Popes Rebellion
• Indian uprising in 1680 New Mexico
• Pueblo rebels destroyed every Catholic Catholic
  in province, killed priests and Spanish settlers,
  built Indian kiva to resume native ways of worship

11
Black Legend

• The misdeeds of the Spanish in the New World
  obscured their substantial achievements and
  helped give birth to the Black Legend. This false
  concept held that the conquerers merely tortured
  and butchered the Indians, stole their gold,
  inflicted them with smallpox and left little but
  misery behind.
• What do you think? Is this a false concept?
  Should we give more credit to the Spanish for
  their achievements in the New World?