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Witschi Electronic Basic course Watches
Measuring technology and troubleshooting
www.witschi.com
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Welcome to...
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Contents
Introduction
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Mechanical Watches
Quartz Watches
Water-resistance
Helpful and practical
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Introduction About us
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Introduction Aim of this course
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This basic course is intended to optimize our
customers and the users knowledge of the
Witschi devices and their operating skills in
this field.
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Contents
Introduction
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Mechanical Watches
Quartz Watches
Water-resistance
Helpful and practical
Exit
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Mechanical Watches
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Mechanical Watches Main components of mechanical
watches and their characteristics
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Mechanical Watches Measuring signals
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Mechanical Watches Measuring signals
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Mechanical Watches Functions of the Wicometre
Professional
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Rotary knob and buttons
Display of results and parameters
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Mechanical Watches The parameters of the
Wicometre Professional
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Mechanical Watches The parameters of the
Wicometre Professional
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Mode Symbol Operation
Beat Mode MAN Manual selection In this position, the parameter "BEATS PER HOUR" can be set to less frequently used beat numbers, which cannot be determined automatically, according to a list pre-programmed in the system.
Beat Mode SEL Individual selection In this position, the parameter "BEATS PER HOUR" can be set to any beat number from 1 to 36000 in steps of 1 by pressing or in steps of 100 by pressing both buttons.
Beat Mode FRQ Determines the instantaneous frequency This function allows testing of watches with an unknown beat number. The instantaneous beat number displayed corresponds to a rate 0 s/24h.
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Mechanical Watches The parameters of the
Wicometre Professional
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Mode Symbol Funktion
 Test Mode GRAPH Normal operating mode with graphical diagram and display of numerical results.
 Test Mode PRIN XX If a printer is connected to the WICOMETRE PROFESSIONAL, the numerical results for the rate, the beat error and the amplitude are printed at the end of the preset measuring time. The next measurement starts automatically at the completion of the freeze delay.
 Test Mode LAB -PC Similar to PRIN XX. However, the output results are passed to a PC through the serial interface RS 232 C.
 Test Mode SCOPE 1 Oscillogram representing a single beat noise (tick)
 Test Mode SCOPE 2 Oscillogram representing two beat noises ( tick-tock )
 Test Mode SCOPE 3 Oscillogram representing four beat noises (2x tick-tock)
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Mechanical Watches Analysis and error detection
with a graphical diagram
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Mechanical Watches Analysis and error detection
with a graphical diagram
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Mechanical Watches Analysis and error detection
with a graphical chart
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Mechanical Watches Analysis and error detection
with a graphical chart
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Mechanical Watches Analysis and error detection
with a graphical chart
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Mechanical Watches Analysis and error detection
with a graphical chart
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Mechanical Watches Analysis and error detection
with a graphical chart
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Mechanical Watches Analysis and error detection
with a graphical chart
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Mechanical Watches Analysis and error detection,
using the graphical scope function
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Between noises A and C, the balance wheel rotates
by what is called the lift angle
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Mechanical Watches Analysis and error detection,
using the graphical scope function
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Escapement locking too small
Escapement locking too large
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Mechanical Watches Analysis and error detection,
the graphical scope function
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Unlocking resistance too high
Additional friction
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Mechanical Watches Analysis and error detection,
using the graphical scope function
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Not enough clearance between the horns and the
impulse pin
Dart touching the roller
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Mechanical Watches Analysis and error detection,
using the graphical scope function
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Too much clearance between balance pivot and
jewel hole
Low amplitude
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Mechanical Watches Analysis and error detection,
using the graphical scope function
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Impulse pin touching the fork horn
Rough balance pivot or insufficient clearance
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Mechanical Watches Analysis and error detection,
using the graphical scope function
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A tooth of the escape wheel drops directly on to
the impulse plane (No locking function)
Balance wheel touching balance spring
..End..
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Contents
Introduction
Mechanical Watches
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Quartz Watches
Water-resistance
Helpful and practical
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Quartz Watches
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Quartz Watches Main components of autoquartz and
quartz watchesand their characteristics
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Quartz Watches Measuring signals
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All rate measurements with quartz watches are
based on the acquisition of the following signals
Analogue or analogue/digitalquartz watches
Digital quartz watches
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Quartz Watches Measuring signals Quartz
oscillator
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The measurement of the quartz frequency (nominal
32'768 Hz) occurs over the acoustic or the
capacitive (by opened watches) sensor. For the
rate adjustment 2 different methods are usually
used
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Quartz Watches Measuring signals Motor pulse
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The motor pulses (pulse period 1s, 5s, 10s, 20s,
30s or 1 min.) are picked up inductively over the
magnetic sensor. The stepping motor is driven
from the ICs driver stage with pulses like
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Quartz Watches Functions of the Q Test 6000
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Signal sensors
Displays
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Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000 Tests
with built in, functioning battery
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Quartz IC Test
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Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000 Tests
with built in, functioning battery
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Motor Test
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Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000 Tests
with built in, functioning battery
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Rate measurement
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Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000 Tests
with external supply / without battery
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Battery tests
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Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000 Tests
with external supply / without battery
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Minimal values Minimal values Minimal values Minimal values
System V min. nominal V min. low drain V min. high drain
Silveroxide low drain 1.55 1.45 ----
Silveroxide high drain 1.55 1.45 1.25
Lithium low drain 3.00 2.85 ----
Lithium high drain 3.00 2.85 2.60
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Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000 Tests
with external supply / without battery
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Coil resistance / Insulation test
Coil insulation B1 POS Testmode Module
resistance 2 1st test probe to a coil connection
2nd test probe to the plate Normal values
approx. 700 kOhm to X MOhm
Movement insulation C1 POS Testmode Module
resistance2 1st test probe to - pole of the
battery 2nd test probe to the plate Normal
values approx. 700 kOhm - X MOhm
A
C
B
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Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000 Tests
with external supply / without battery
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Starting voltage
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Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000 Tests
with external supply / without battery
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Rate and consumption measurement
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Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000 Tests
with external supply / without battery
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Rate and consumption measurement
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Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000 Tests
with external supply / without battery Pulse
generator
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The watchs IC is replaced by the pulse generator
Q Test 6000.
The simulation of the watchs IC by the pulse
generator is carried out with a non-chopped pulse
of variable length.
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Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000 Tests
with external supply / without battery
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Pulse generator
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Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000 IC
programming and accelerated rate test ( real rate
)
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Settings
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Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000 IC
programming and accelerated rate test ( real rate
) Tests
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Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000 IC
programming and accelerated rate test ( real rate
)
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IC Typen
Special Programm / programmed IC types P1 Philips
Series PCA 1400P2 Philips Series 1460 / 1480 /
1600P3 MEM H1138/ H1140/ H1238/ H1338/ H1538P4
MEM H1221/ H5222SPL
Note Rate Must appear in display RATE after
accelerated test and after programming. If not
select another programming program (P1-P4).
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Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000
Systematic troubleshooting
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Tests and settings
Test sequence
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Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000
Systematic troubleshooting
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Tests and settings
Test sequence
Test of the coil resistancecoil and movement
insulation, without external power supply and
without battery
Test of the coil resistance and of the insulation
values POS Testmode Module resistance
Values ok
Values not ok
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Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000
Systematic troubleshooting
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Test of the coil resistancecoil and movement
insulation, without external power supply and
without battery
Test of the coil resistance and of the insulation
values POS Testmode Module resistance
Values not ok
Values ok
Test of quartz and IC- place watch on the mirror
support, connect external power supply module
supply to thebattery connectors
Test of the quartz and IC operationPOS
Testmode Rate stepp. MotorPOS Testmode module
cons. ?APOS Parameter supply voltage
1.55V - 3.00 V - Winding stem - POS
Reset
Replace the electronic module
Values ok
Values not ok
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Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000
Systematic troubleshooting
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Test of the quartz and IC operationPOS
Testmode Rate stepp. MotorPOS Testmode module
cons. ?APOS Parameter supply voltage
1.55V - 3.00 V - Winding stem - POS
Reset
Test of quartz and IC- place watch on the mirror
support, connect external power supply module
supply to thebattery connectors
Replace the electronic module
Values ok
Values not ok
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Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000
Systematic troubleshooting
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Test of the stepping motor- Winding stem - POS
NeutralPOS Testmode Rate stepp. MotorPOS
Testmode module cons. ?APOS Parameter
supply voltage 1.55V - 3.00 V meas.time
rate ?? 60 s meas.time cons.?? 4 sPOS
test control start test
Test of the stepping motor- place watch on the
mirrorsupport, connect externalpower supply
module supply to the battery connectors
Test of the lower starting voltage - place watch
on the mirror support,connect external power
supply module supply to the battery
connectors,and the negative test probe with RT/T
Test of the starting voltage- Same test as
stepping motor- battery test tip with RT/T
measuring point of the movementStart
withPOS supply voltage 1.55-3.00VVoltage
reduced until the movement stops
Values not ok
Values ok -new battery -close watch
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Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000
Systematic troubleshooting
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Test of the starting voltage- Same test as
stepping motor- battery test tip with RT/T
measuring point of the movementStart withPOS
supply voltage 1.55-3.00VVoltage reduced until
the movement stops
Test of the lower starting voltage- place watch
on the mirror support,connect external power
supplymodule supply to the battery connectors-
minus battery test tips to the test point RT/T of
the movement
Values not ok
Values ok -new battery -close watch
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Contents
Introduction
Mechanical Watches
Quartz Watches
?
Water-resistance
Helpful and practical
Exit
58
Water-Resistance
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Water-resistance Water-resistance standard ISO
2281
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Basic standards for ordinary watches The basic
standards for all definitions, test methods,
min. / max. values, tolerances, etc. are
contained in the three standards ISO 2281 / DIN
8310 and NIHS 92 - 10. The test procedures
described in DIN 8310 and NIHS 92 - 10 are, to a
large extent, similar, national versions of the
international standard ISO 2281
The label "water-resistant". The label of
wristwatches which meets the minimal requirements
of this standard must only contain a single
expression in each language In german
wasserdicht / in french étanche
/ in english waterresistant
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Water-resistance Water-resistance standard ISO
2281
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Practical aspects of the label "water-resistant".
Watches which are designated as water-resistant
must be resistant to sweat, water drops, rain,
etc. and to immersion into water - at a depth
of 10 cm (excess pressure of 0.01 bar) for
1 hour and - at a depth of 20
meter (excess pressure of 2.0 bar) for 1 min.
Minimal requirements ( standard converted to air
pressure measurements ) A watch fulfils these
requirements if   - the air penetration into
the watch - under an excess air pressure of 2
bar - for a 1 minute test - does not exceed
50 ?g ( microgram )
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Water-Resistance Test methods Volume comparison
measurement
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Measurement principle The following values are
determined by performing a calibration
cycleMeasurement 1 Entire volume of the
test chambers without watchesMeasurement 2 -
Volume of the watchesResult
Remaining free space in the chambers During the
work cycle, the ALC 7000 monitors the variation
in the calibrated remaining free space and
determines on this basis whether the watches are
water-resistant or not. Field of application
Ideal for industrial applications and series
production ( unsuitable for service
applications )
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Water-Resistance Test methods Deformation
measurement
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Measurement principle A given pressure or vacuum
is created in a measuring chamber. The external
geometry of the watch undergoes a deformation
due to the elasticity of the case materials. The
sensory part of the system then tracks the
reversal of the deformation of the watchcases
parts during the whole measurement process and,
based on it, determines if the watch does or
does not correspond to the given tolerances for
water-resistance. Field of applications
Industry small and medium series
Services Repair shop and und retail business
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Water-Resistance Test methods Condensation test
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Water-Resistance Test methods Deformation
measurement
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Pressure build-up
Measuring time
Stab.time
Pressure process ALC 2000
Deformation of the watch
Reversal deformation (- value) Accebtable
measuring results Ladys watch max.
-2.5 watch ok Gents watch (Norm) /lt 1
watch ok
0- Deformation i.e. very hard material. watch ok
Further deformation during test cycle high
elasticity of materials. Measuring result
0,1- x - watch ok.
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Water-Resistance Test methods Deformation
measurement
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Water-Resistance Operating the ALC 2000
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Witschi ALC 2000 parameters / operations / values
ISO parameters
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Water-Resistance Operating the ALC 2000
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Witschi ALC 2000 parameters / operations / values
ISO parameters
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Water-Resistance Operating the ALC 2000
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Witschi ALC 2000 parameters / operations / values
ISO parameters
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Water-Resistance Operating the ALC 2000
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Witschis ALC 2000 has been designed to be a
highly accurate, professional test system. The
adjustable parameters have been given a great
flexibility, allowing checking practically all
makes of watches with the utmost reliability. The
parameterization offered by Witschis ALC 2000 is
significantly more specific and tailored to the
type of watch than the minimal requirements from
the ISO 2281 standard.
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Water-Resistance Operating the ALC 2000
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Water-Resistance Operating the ALC 2000 Basic
settings
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Enter in Program Keep the button
pressed In and switch the unit on by means of the
I / 0 switch. Wait until the display Change
language appears.
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Water-Resistance Operating the ALC 2000
Measurement program
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Selection of existing measuring programs 0 fix
/ 1 - 10 variable
P1 Tight limit
Push
P1 Case analysis
Push
P1 Save parameters ?
Push
P1 Parameters saved ?
Push
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Water-Resistance Main reasons for a faulty
water-resistance Advantages of the test with
excess pressure and partial vacuum
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• Faulty water-resistance due to bad manufacturing
  (out of truth in the round or in the
  flat) of the case and of other components.

• Faulty water resistance due to parts of the case
  and gaskets being deformed in the course of an
  excess pressure test. This faulty
  water-resistance only appears in excess pressure
  tests.

• Faulty water-resistance due to inaccurate
  assembly and a to weak press-fit of
  components. (seat of the glass and back gasket).
  Such cases of faulty water- resistance can only
  be detected with low test pressure, especially
  with partial vacuum. The stress on the parts
  is very different according to whether the test
  is performed under positive pressure or partial
  vacuum.

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Water-Resistance Main reasons for a faulty
water-resistance Advantages of the test with
excess pressure and partial vacuum
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In a test with excess pressure, the parts are
held or even squeezed together by the pressure.
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Water-Resistance Main reasons for a faulty
water-resistance Advantages of the test with
excess pressure and partial vacuum
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In a test with partial vacuum, the components are
only held together by their own friction and by
their correct dimensions (snug fit)
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Contents
Introduction
Mechanical Watches
Quartz Watches
Water-resistance
?
Helpful and practical
Exit
77
Witschi measuring tips
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Witschi measuring tips Mechanical Watches
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Measuring sequence
Explanation
Procedure
Before measuring on -Watch Expert -Wicometre
Professional -Chronoscope M1
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Witschi measuring tips Mechanical Watches
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Measuring sequence
Explanation
Procedure
Measuring procedure wound watch
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Witschi measuring tips Mechanical Watches
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Measuring sequence
Explanation
Procedure
Check the correct function of the watch.
After measuring
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Witschi measuring tips Quartz Watches
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Suggestions for measuring Quartz Watches
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Measuring sequence
Explanation
Procedure
Measuring procedure
Start the rate measurement afterchecking both
the battery withthe acoustic microphone andthe
function of the quartz/IC.
The battery, as well as the Quartz/IC unit, drive
the stepping motor. Getting no signal means that
the quartz or IC is faulty!
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Suggestions for measuring Quartz Watches
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Measuring sequence
Explanation
Procedure
After measuring
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Suggestions for measuring Water-Resistance
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Measuring sequence
Explanation
Procedure
Before measuring
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Suggestions for measuring Water-Resistance
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Measuring sequence
Explanation
Procedure
Before measuring
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Suggestions for measuring Water-Resistance
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Measuring sequence
Explanation
Procedure
Choose a programme suitable for the watch (see
list by Witschi).
Measuring procedure
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Suggestions for measuring Water-Resistance
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Measuring sequence
Explanation
Procedure
Repeating the measure-ments in case of bad
results
After measuring
..End..
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Contents
Introduction
Mechanical Watches
Quartz Watches
Water-resistance
Helpful and practical
Exit
89
Home