Childhood Diseases

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Childhood Diseases
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Bacteria

• Small in size, no nucleus or membranous
  organelles
• Cell wall
• Cocci
• Bacilli
• Spirilla
• Vibrios
• Gram-positive
• Gram-negative

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Pertussis

• AKA Whooping cough or 100 day cough
• Bordetella pertussis
• Was one of the most common childhood diseases and
  major cause of childhood mortality

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Pertussis

• Starts out like a cold
• But cough becomes more severe
• Cough characterized by high pitch whoop.
• Child may turn cyanotic, cough more at night, or
  even vomit due to coughing attack.

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Streptococcus

• Strep throat
• Sore throat for more than 1 week
• Temperature gt100.4
• Pus on back of throat
• Possible rash
• However
• Most sore throats are not caused by bacteria

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Antibiotics

• Target bacterial cell wall
• Target cell membrane
• Inhibit protein synthesis targets in bacterial
  machinery
• Interfere with bacterial metabolism, DNA, and RNA
  synthesis

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Antibiotic Resistance

• One of the worlds most pressing public health
  problems. (CDC, 2012)
• What exactly is it?
• Factors
• Parental pressure
• Allergies
• Farming
• Time / money

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Friendly Bacteria

• Most bacteria are non-pathogenic
• Some bacteria are beneficial
• Ex Bacteria keeps yeast in check.
• Antibiotics kill bacteria yeast infection occurs
• Yogurt
• Probiotics/Prebiotics

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Viruses
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Viruses

• Core genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a
  capsid

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Poliomyelitis (Polio)

• Polio gray Myelon marrow of spinal cord
  itis inflammation
• Highly contagious
• May result in paralysis
• Vaccine preventable

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Polio Eradication

• Is it possible??
• Hopefully by 2015 no child in the world will be
  paralyzed by the disease and by 2018 Polio will
  be wiped out. Bill Gates, 09/28/2012
• The current eradication program

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Rotavirus

• Most common cause of diarrhea in infants and
  children.
• Highly contagious
• Symptoms
• Severe diarrhea, vomiting may lead to dehydration

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Measles / Rubella

• Common childhood illness until vaccine.
• May be fatal
• Characterized by fever and rash
• Highly contagious through respiratory droplets.

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Mumps

• Highly contagious, spread by respiratory
  droplets.
• Symptoms malaise, headache, low-grade fever,
  parotitis (enlarged salivary glands)

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Chicken Pox / Shingles

• Varicella zoster virus
• Herpes zoster virus
• Characterized by rash, fever, malaise.
• Contagious, spread by respiratory droplets

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Vaccines

• Active immunity
• Dead or deactivated dose of bacteria or virus
  injected
• Passive immunity
• Preformed antibodies from immune serum of animal
  injected.
• Acquired immunity
• Immune system fights live bacteria or virus

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Vaccines.

• A loaded topic
• Whats the truth?

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Other

• Ear ache
• Head lice
• Bed bug / Dust mite
• Cough
• Stomach ache

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EV-D68

• AKA Enterovirus-D68
• 549 cases in 43 states as of Oct 6, 2014
• Children with asthma at higher risk
• No specific treatment / cure
• Question of paralysis side effect
• (CDC, 2014)