Ch. 22

1
Ch. 22 Plant Diversity
2
22-1 Introduction to Plants

• Kingdom Plantae
• Multicellular eukaryotes
• Cell walls ? Cellulose
• Develop from multicellular embryos
• Photosynthesis ? Chlorophyll a b

3
The Plant Life Cycle
ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS Life cycle in which
haploid and diploid generations alternate with
each other.
4
What do plants need to survive?

• Sunlight
• Water Minerals
• Gas exchange
• Movement of water nutrients

5
From Water to Land

• 1st plants arose in water
• for reproduction
• Needed to survive on land
• more resistant to sunlight
• water conservation
• reproduction without water

6
Problems Solved!

• Waxy cuticles
• Stomata
• Vascular Tissue
• Woody tissue lignin

• Pollen
• Seeds
• Flowers
• Fruit

7
22-2 Bryophytes

• Lack vascular tissue
• Depend on water for reproduction
• Close to ground due to water transport being done
  by osmosis
• Gametophyte is dominant stage

8
Examples of groups of Bryophytes
Mosses
Hornworts
Liverworts
9
Life cycle of Bryophytes
10
Reproductive Parts of the Bryophytes
Male Gametophyte
Female Gametophyte
11
22-3 Seedless Vascular Plants
Sporophyte dominant form
Vascular Tissue Xylem Phloem
Transports Water Nutients Carbs.
Cell Types Tracheids Vessel elements Sieve tube elements Companion cells
12
Examples of Seedless Vascular Plants
Horsetail
Club Moss
13
Ferns
Sori with sporangia
14
22-4 Seed Plants

• Reproduction free from water
• Flowers Angiosperms
• Cones Gymnosperms
• Transfer of sperm ? Pollination
• Protection of embryos in seeds

ADAPTATIONS
15
22-5 Angiosperms Flowering Plants
Monocots Dicots
Seeds 1 cotyledon 2 cotyledons
Leaf veins Parallel Branched
Flowers 3s 4s or 5s
Stems VB scattered VB arranged
Roots Fibrous Taproot
16
3 Types of Life Spans

• Annuals 1 season, garden plants
• Biennials 2 growing seasons, primrose
• Perrenials gt 2 years, grasses