The Cold War

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The Cold War

• U.S. History

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Politics of ContainmentTruman to JFK

• 1950-1963

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Part 1Late Truman Years
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I. China Goes Commie

• A. Mao Zedong takes control (1949)
• 1. US fears this is first domino in line
  in
• Asia.
• B. Japan becomes our
• top ally in Asia!

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II. Results of China falling

• A. NSC-68 Report (April, 1950)
• 1. Arms race begins
• 2. USSR desire 4 world domination
• 3. USA leader of the free world
• Spider Man theory
• 4. Require 39 billion defense budget
• How get Congress on board?

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III. Korean War (1950-1953)

• A. Commies try to take over ? U.N. intervenes
• 1. pushes North back to Chinese border
• B. China enters war
• 1. Gen. MacArthur wants
• to attack China
• C. Truman fires MacArthur
• D. Changes to containment
• 1. Using military
• 2. Asia top battleground

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IV. Results of Korean War

• A. NSC-68 recommendations become reality
• 1. 50 billion D-budget in 53
• 2. 3.5 million soldier army, overseas bases
• 3. Stockpile of 750 nukes

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Eisenhowers Containment Approach

• 1953-1961

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Eisenhowers Containment Strategy

• Forget paying countries to reject communism, just
  threaten to blow everything up if USSR expands.
• Mnemonic using Eisenhowers nickname Ike to
  remember his strategy
• Ill
• Kill
• Everybody

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I. Eisenhowers New Look

• A. Elected Prez in 1953
• B. Cold War keys
• 1. Strong economy (why?)
• 2. Be willing to nuke!
• C. More Bang for the Buck
• 1. Massive Retaliation
• a. Smaller army (4 billion
  savings)
• b. Bigger nuclear arsenal

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• D. Nuclear delivery systems
• 1. US ? B-52s, ICBMs
• 2. USSR Sputnik ? space satellite
• 3. NASA formed
• a. Missile development

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II. Brinkmanship
1. All or nothing 2. USSR joins arms race

• A. Brink of War
• B. Cause less small wars
• C. Problems?

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JFKs Approach Flexible Response
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I. Containment Approach Flex Response

• A. Use combo of non-nuke weapons, ,
• support programs
• B. Goal Reduce threat of nuke war while still
  containing.
• Flexible Response (not just nukes)
• 1. Conventional Troops / Weapons
• 
  a. Costs more, but
• 
  nukes not OK
• 
  for all situations
• 
  b. Special Forces
• 
  teams created

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• 2. Aid to Latin America
• a. Previously seen as helping only in
• our own interests
• 2. Alliance for Progress ? aid projects
• 3. Peace Corps
• a. Humanitarian

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• D. Cold War moves into space
• 1. Space Race ? NASAs mission redefined
• a. which country controls
  space?
• 2. 1961 Set goal of beating the Russians
• to moon

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II. Crisis in the JFK Era

• A. Bay of Pigs (Cuba, 1961)
• 1. Cuba becomes Soviet Ally
• 2. La Brigada ?1,400 Cuban exiles trained by
  CIA
• 3. Meant to overthrow Castro
• 4. Failed completely
• 5. Bad for JFK b/c

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• B. Cuban Missile Crisis (Oct. 1962)
• 1. Soviet Missiles in Cuba
• 2. Naval quarantine (blockade)
• 3. Secret deal worked out
• 4. Defcon 2 closest ever
• came to nuclear war
• D. Impact of Crisis
• 1. Khrushchev undermined
• 2. Soviet military build-up
  next 20

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• C. Berlin Wall goes up (June, 1961)
• 1. Khrushchev ? Allies out of West Berlin!
• 2. Kennedy ? bite me, Ruskie
• 3. People pouring into W.B. to escape
• Communism
• 4. USSR builds wall ? reverse prison