The Problems of the Cities

1
The Problems of the Cities

• Urbanization and Immigration in the Gilded Age

2
The New Immigration

• Different from previous generation of immigrants
• unskilled/illiterate/poor
• Jewish or Catholic

3
Problems of the Immigrants

• Crowded cities
• Dangerous jobs
• Lack of education and skills
• Nativism

4
How the Other Half Lives

• Jacob Riis

5
5-Cent Lodgings
6
Mens Lodgings
7
Womens Lodgings
8
Immigrant Family Lodgings
9
Mulberry Street Bend, 1889
10
Blind Beggar, 1888
11
Italian Rag-Picker
12
Bandits Roost
13
A Struggling Immigrant Family
14
Another Struggling Immigrant Family
15
The Street Was Their Playground
16
Lower East Side Immigrant Family
17
Mullens Alley Gang
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Problems of the Cities
1 Problem Housing
19
Dumbbell Tenement Plan
Tenement House Act of 1879, NYC
20
Mass Transit Trolleys, Subways, And Elevated
Trains
21
Elevated Train, 1910
22
The Social Gospel

• A religious response to problems of the urban
  poor an application of Christian theology to
  current issues
• Advocated physical as well as spiritual assistance

J. S. Woodsworth, Methodist leader
Walter Rauschenbusch, Baptist minister
23
The Settlement House

• Designed to aid the immigrant poor with lessons
  in English, work skills, and temporary shelter
• First house Hull House, Chicago
• Forerunner of modern missions

1900
2000
24
The Settlement House

• Founded by Jane Addams
• Houses run mostly by women of upper classes
  became active in social reform
• Led way to Progressive Era

Florence Kelly advocate for the working poor
and orphaned children
25
Reform Movements in the Gilded Age
Womens Suffrage
Susan B. Anthony
26
Reform Movements in the Gilded Age

• Temperance and prohibition

Carrie Nation
27
Impact of Urbanization

• Challenges to religion

Spiritualism
Charles Darwin
Robert G. Ingersoll
Herbert Spencer
28
Blacks in the Gilded Age

• Two competing views integration vs. separation
• Views of Booker T. Washington
• economic independence before integration
• separation from white society to build up
  black institutions and businesses
• Founded Tuskegee Institute

Let down your bucket where you are.
I have learned that success is to be measured
not so much by the position that one has reached
in life as by the obstacles which he has overcome
while trying to succeed.
29
Blacks in the Gilded Age

• Jim Crow in the South, segregation in most
  parts of the country impact of Plessy v.
  Ferguson (1896) separate but equal

Homer Plessy, 1896
Homer Plessy
30
Blacks in the Gilded Age

• Views of W. E. B. DuBois
• immediate integration is the right of black
  Americans, as promised in the Declaration and
  Constitution
• Founded NAACP in 1910
• Influence on MLK and the
• civil rights movement

The important thing is this To be able at any
moment to sacrifice what we are for what we could
become.
31
Education

• Taught basic literacy skills
• English, civics, US history, and math

Leads to generation gap between parents and
English speaking children Children assimilated
while parents remained Old World
32
The New Mass Media

• yellow journalism sensationalistic news
  reporting, emphasizing scandal and gossip

33
Kings of the New Media

• William Randolph Hearst Joseph
  Pulitzer
• Owned newspapers coast to coast, set opinions and
  influenced events for decades

34
Sports

• Professional sports
• boxing
• 
  

Jack Johnson
John L. Sullivan
35
Sports

• Baseball first professional league (National
  League) formed in 1876
• Cincinnati Redlegs first pros
• American League in 1901

36
Sports

• College football first game Princeton vs.
  Rutgers
• Oldest rivalry Lehigh vs. Lafayette

Walter Camp