Anatomy- Quiz 1

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Anatomy- Quiz 1

• Dr. Brasington

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Anatomical Position
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Term Definition Example
Superior Toward the head end of upper part of body. The heart is superior to the pelvis.
Inferior Away from the head end and toward the lower part of the body. The chest is inferior to the head.
Anterior (ventral) Toward the front or belly side. The nose is on the anterior side of the head.
Posterior (dorsal) Toward the back. The spinal cord extends down the posterior side of the body.
Medial Toward the midline. The sternum is medial to the ribs.
Lateral Away from the midline. The ears are lateral to the nose.
Superficial Toward the surface of the body. The skin is superficial to the visceral organs.
Deep Away from the surface of the body. The heart lies deep to the sternum.
Proximal Toward a structures origin or point of attachment to the trunk. The shoulder is proximal to the elbow.
Distal Away from a structures origin or point of attachment to the trunk. The wrist is distal to the shoulder.
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Planes of Reference

• Coronal Plane (Frontal Plane)
• Divides body into anterior and posterior portions
• Sagittal Plane
• Divides body into left and right portions
• Midsagittal Plane
• Parasagittal Plane
• Transverse Plane (Cross-sectional Plane)
• Divides the body into superior and inferior
  portions

(Frontal Plane)
(Cross-sectional Plane)
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Cranial
Facial
Cervical
Axillary
Brachial
Thoracic
Antecubital
Lumbar
Antebrachial
Umbilical
Sacral
Inguinal
Gluteal
Palmer
Pubic
Femoral
Popliteal
Patellar
Plantar
Calcaneal
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REGION PERTAINING TO THE REGION PERTAINING TO THE
Facial Face Pubic Gential Region
Cranial Cranium Inguinal Groin
Cervical Neck Lumbar Lower Back
Thoracic Chest (Thorax) Gluteal Buttock
Axillary Armpit (Axilla) Popliteal Posterior Knee (Popliteal Fossa)
Brachial Arm (Brachium) Patellar Anterior Knee
Antecubital Anterior Elbow (Cubital Fossa) Plantar Sole of the Foot
Antebrachial Forearm (Antebrachium) Sacral Tailbone
Palmer Palm of the Hand Femoral Thigh
Umbilical Naval (Umbilicus) Calcaneal Heel
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Body Cavities
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Body Cavities

• Dorsal Cavity
• Cranial Cavity Brain
• Vertebral Cavity Spinal Cord
• Ventral Cavity
• Thoracic Cavity
• Mediastinum Esophagus, thymus, heart, trachea
• Pleural Cavity Lungs
• Pericardial Cavity Heart
• Abdominopelvic Cavity
• Abdominal Cavity Liver, spleen, stomach, small
  intestines, large intestines
• Pelvic Cavity Bladder, internal genitalia
  (ovary and testes)
• Retroperitoneal Kidney, pancreas

Diaphragm skeletal muscle between the Thoracic
and Abdominopelvic Cavities
Nervous Cardiovascular Respiratory Digestive Uri
nary Reproductive System System System Syste
m System System Brain Heart Trachea Esopha
gus Kidney Ovary Spinal Cord Lungs Stomach
Bladder Testes S. Intestine L
. Intestine Liver Pancreas
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Serous Membranes of the Ventral Cavity
Serous Membranes line the inside walls of the
ventral cavities and cover the organs of the
ventral cavities Parietal Layer outer layer
that attaches to the cavity wall Visceral Layer
inner layer that adheres to an inner organ A
small space that contains serous fluid separates
the 2 layers Parietal Pleura outer serous
membrane of the lung Visceral Pleura inner
serous membrane attached to the lung Parietal
Pericardium outer serous membrane of the heart
Visceral Pericardium inner serous membrane
attached to the heart Parietal Peritoneum
outer serous membrane of the abdominal organs
Visceral Peritoneum inner serous membrane of
the abdominal organs
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Abdominopelvic Divisions
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Organ Systems
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The End