Athens and Sparta

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Athens and Sparta
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Ancient Athens

• Journey into the world of

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Politically

• Politically, Ancient Athens developed the worlds
  first Direct Democracy in which every adult male
  citizen took part in the decisions of the popular
  assembly.

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Economically

• The Athenian economy was based heavily on trade.
  Due to their location on the Aegean, Athenians
  traded goods, services and ideas with their
  Mediterranean neighbors.

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Religiously

• Athens, the city of Athena, celebrated and
  honored the gods regularly with sacrifices,
  festivals, and theatrical performances.

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Socially

• Athenian society was divided into adult male
  citizens, women and foreigners, and slaves. Only
  adult male citizens could participate in
  democracy, but all citizens valued their
  perceived freedom as Athenians.

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Intellectually

• Athenians valued philosophy and a variety of
  intellectual pursuits. Many of the great Greek
  philosophers, such as Socrates, Plato and
  Aristotle were Athenians.

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Artistically

• Athenians are remembered so well by posterity
  because of the art they left behind. Athenians
  took an interest in art as a way to honor the
  gods and themselves.

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Militarily

• Athenians went to war many times throughout their
  city against other city states and outside
  invaders. Their strength was their navy.

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Ancient Sparta

• Travel to the site of

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Politically

• Politically, Sparta was an oligarchy, dominated
  by the Council of Elders a small group elected
  for life. There were also two hereditary kings
  who acted as warriors and chief priests. The
  popular assembly had little power besides
  approving the decisions of the council of elders.

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Economically

• Economically, Sparta was isolated. Spartan
  citizens did not work. For labor they relied on
  the helots, or state-owned slaves.

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Religiously

• Like most ancient Greeks, Spartans believed in
  many gods and they honored them in appropriate
  ways through sacrifice and glory in battle.

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Socially

• Spartan society was known for its militant
  nature. There were three particular social
  classes
• Citizens or equals
• Half-citizens
• Helots (state-owned slaves.
• Women also enjoyed more rights than they did
  elsewhere.

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Intellectually

• Spartans were more concerned with war than less
  philosophical pursuits. Young boys entered the
  agoge system at a young age to learn discipline
  and physical toughness. Girls were also formally
  educated, unlike many other city states.

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Artistically

• The martial spirit that made Sparta the leader in
  Ancient Warfare, meant that they did not leave
  behind great works of art for us to marvel at.
  That was not their priority or their legacy.

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Militarily

• Spartans were recognized for their military
  pre-eminence, and led all-Greek armies in the
  Persian war. Their polis and their life-style
  revolved around military discipline and physical
  strength.