Chapter 4 - FEG

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CONTENTS
Review 4-1 Past participle 4-2 Forms
of the present perfect 4-3 Meanings of the
present perfect 4-4 Simple past vs. present
perfect 4-5 Using since and for 4-6 Present
perfect progressive 4-7 Present perfect
progressive vs. present perfect 4-8 Using
already, yet, still, and anymore 4-9 Past
perfect
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Review and Preview
PRESENT AND PAST VERBS
be
love
give
find
take
be
Jenna _____ her dog. His name __ Max. Jennas
grandfather ____ Max to her. Her grandfather
_____ him at an animal shelter. Jenna _____
very good care her dog. He __ a great dog.
loves
is
gave
found
takes
is
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4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE
She has forgotten his name.
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4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE
PASTPARTICIPLE
SIMPLEFORM
SIMPLEPAST
finish stop wait
finished stopped waited
finished stopped waited
REGULARVERBS
see make put
saw made put
seen made put
IRREGULARVERBS
past perfect tense present perfect tense
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4-1 LETS PRACTICE
PASTPARTICIPLE
SIMPLEFORM
SIMPLEPAST
stopped
stop go take write
stopped went took wrote
gone
taken
written
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4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
He has finished all his work.
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4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(a) I have worked very hard this year. (b) The
students have worked hard. (c) Alex has worked
very hard.
STATEMENT have/has past participle
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4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(d) Ive/Youve/Weve/Theyve gone home. (e)
Shes/Hes gone home. (f) Its been hot all week.
CONTRACTION pronoun have ve
pronoun has ks
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4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(g) I have not gone home yet. (h) Fatima has not
gone home.
NEGATIVE have/has not past participle

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4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(g) I havent gone home yet. (h) Fatima hasnt
gone home.
NEGATIVE have/has not past
participle NEGATIVE CONTRACTION have
not havent has not
hasnt
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4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(i) Have you read the report?
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4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(j) Has Marcy gone home? (k) How long have you
worked there?
QUESTION have/has subject past participle
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4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(l)
No, I havent. I have only read a few pages.
Have you read all of this article?
SHORT ANSWER have/havent

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4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(m)
Has Kyung finished her homework?
Yes, she has. She did it after school.
SHORT ANSWER has/hasnt

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4-2 LETS PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
you touch ever
Have you ever touched
___________________ a snake?
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4-2 LETS PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
touch never
Ive never touched
________________
No,
a snake.
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4-2 LETS PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
Justin see ever
_________________ a shark?
Has Justin ever seen
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4-2 LETS PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
Yes, he ___. He saw one near Cape Town,
has
South Africa.
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4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
Zoe hasnt walked by herself yet.
Tyler has taken his first steps.
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4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT
MEANING 1 SOMETHING HAPPENED
BEFORE NOW AT AN UNSPECIFIED TIME
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4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
MEANING 1
(a) Tyler has already taken his first steps. (b)
Zoe hasnt walked by herself yet. (c) Have you
ever seen Zoe crawl?
occurred before now or sometime in the past
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4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
MEANING 1
(a) Tyler has already taken his first steps. (b)
Zoe hasnt walked by herself yet. (c) Have you
ever seen Zoe crawl?
now
before now
X
X
time?
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4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
MEANING 1
(d) Mary has painted portraits many times. (e)
Her students have painted portraits twice.
activity repeated
before now, unspecified past times
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4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
MEANING 1
(d) Mary has painted portraits many times. (e)
Her students have painted portraits twice.
now
before now
X
X
X
X
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4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT
MEANING 2 A SITUATION BEGAN IN THE PAST AND
CONTINUES TO THE PRESENT.
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4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
MEANING 2
(f) Weve been working since 8 oclock. (g) I
have played the violin for six years. I
learned to play six years ago, and I still
play it.
since for
present perfect
past
present
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4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
MEANING 2
(f) Weve been working since 8 oclock.
now
800
x
x
x
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4-3 LETS PRACTICE
Kyung has already taken the test.
MEANING 1 Something happened before now at an
unspecified time.
OR ?
MEANING 2 A situation began in thepast and
continues to the present.
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4-3 LETS PRACTICE
Ive been studying since 8 AM.
MEANING 1 Something happenedbefore now at an
unspecified time
OR ?
MEANING 2 A situation began in thepast and
continues to the present
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4-3 LETS PRACTICE
Rosa has been to Italy three times.
MEANING 1 Something happenedbefore now at an
unspecified time
OR ?
MEANING 2 A situation began in thepast and
continues to the present
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4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT
I had an angel fish when I was a child.
I have had many other fish since then.
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4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE PAST
(a) They completed the game at 400.
specific time
PRESENT PERFECT
(b) They have already completed the game.
unspecified time
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4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE PAST
(c) I was in Nigeria when I was five years old.
specific time
PRESENT PERFECT
(d) I have been in Nigeria three times.
unspecified time
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4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE PAST
(e) Jack camped in France for 9 days.
for activity began ended in past
PRESENT PERFECT
(f) Eli has been camping since last Monday.
(f) Eli has been camping for 9 days.
for / since activity began continues
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4-4 LETS PRACTICE
?
SPECIFIED
UNSPECIFIED TIME
OR
We have been in Tokyo many times.
PRESENTPERFECT
UNSPECIFIED
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4-4 LETS PRACTICE
?
SPECIFIED
UNSPECIFIED TIME
OR
Barry has never been to Tokyo.
PRESENT PERFECT
UNSPECIFIED
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4-4 LETS PRACTICE
?
SPECIFIED
UNSPECIFIED TIME
OR
Gina went to Tokyo last month.
SPECIFIED
SIMPLE PAST
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4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
I have been here since 600 AM.
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4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
since noon. since Wednesday. since April. since
2006. since May 9, 2007. since yesterday. since
last week.
(a) I have worked here
Specific point in time
Since
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4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(b) CORRECT I have studied English since 2007.
CORRECT I have used a computer since
2007.
present perfect since
(c) INCORRECT I am studying English since 2007.
present progressive NOT used
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4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(b) CORRECT I have studied English since 2007.
CORRECT I have used a computer since
2007.
present perfect since
(d) INCORRECT I study English since 2007.
simple present NOT used
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4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(b) CORRECT I have studied English since 2007.
CORRECT I have used a computer since
2007.
present perfect since
(e) INCORRECT I studied English since 2007.
INCORRECT I was study English since 2007.
simple past NOT used
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4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
MAIN CLAUSE (present perfect)
SINCE-CLAUSE (simple past)
(f) I have known her since I
was fifteen.
(g) Jim has played many sports since he tried
soccer.
Since
time clause
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4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
for fifty minutes. for five hours. for ten
days. for about six weeks. for almost two
months. for many years. for a long time.
(h) I have worked here
For
length of time
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4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(i) I have worked here for twelve years. I
got a job here twelve years ago, and I still have
it.
present perfect for length of time
past present
(j) I played sports for fifteen years. I am too
busy now.
simple past
past present
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4-5 LETS PRACTICE
3 hours she was six
Mary has been playing the piano since
___________.
she was six
Mary has been playing the piano for ___________.
three hours
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4-5 LETS PRACTICE
he started school 15 years
Alejandro has studied English since
________________.
he started school
Alejandro has studied English for
__________________.
fifteen years
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4-5 LETS PRACTICE
for since
I have driven a taxi _____ 2006.
since
My uncle has driven a taxi ____ thirty years.
for
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4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Dee has been working for ten hours.
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4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(a) Dee has been working since 6
oclock. (b) She has been working for ten
hours.
STATEMENT have/has been -ing
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4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(c) How long has she been working?
QUESTION FORM have/has subject been -ing
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4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(d) Mary is playing the piano right now.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
in progress right now duration of time not
mentioned
Mary has been playing the piano right now.
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4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(e) Mary has been playing since noon.
(f) Mary has been playing for an hour.
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
began in past in progress right now time expressed
Mary is playing the piano since noon.
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4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(g) CORRECT It belongs to Amy.
(h) INCORRECT It is belonging to Amy.
(i) CORRECT She has owned it
for one month.
(j) INCORRECT She has been owning
it for one month.
non-action verbs progressive tenses
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4-6 LETS PRACTICE
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE OR PRESENT PERFECT
PROGRESSIVE
use
is using
My sister _________ the phone.
has been using
She _____________ it for three hours. I need to
make a call.
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4-6 LETS PRACTICE
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE OR PRESENT PERFECT
PROGRESSIVE
dance
are dancing
Her parents __________. They ________________
together for over thirty years.
have been dancing
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4-6 LETS PRACTICE
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE OR PRESENT PERFECT
PROGRESSIVE
go
going
Where are you _______for the summer holiday? I
am ______ to the beach. I ______________ to the
beach
going
have been going
every summer since I was a child.
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4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
These guys are hiking. They have been hiking for
several days.
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4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
(a) My cousin is hiking with his friends.
They have been hiking for several days.
duration of present activities, action verbs
PRESENT PERFECT
(b) My cousin has hiked many mountains.
repeated activities unspecified times in the past
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4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
(b) My cousin has hiked many mountains.
(c) INCORRECT My cousin has been hiking
many mountains.
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4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
(d) The guys have known each other for ten
years.
(e) INCORRECT The guys have been knowing
each other for ten years.
duration of present activities, non-action verbs
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4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
(f) I have been studying medicine for one
year. OR (g) I have studied medicine for one
year.
same meaning
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4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
(h) Rolf has been running every day since he
was a child. OR Rolf has run every
day since he was a child.
usual, habitual activities either tense
okay
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4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.
PRESENT PERFECT
(i) Ive been studying Spanish ever since I
visited Mexico. OR Ive studied Spanish
ever since I visited Mexico.
usual, habitual activities either tense
okay
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4-7 LETS PRACTICE
live
PRESENT PERFECT
How long ___ your family ______ here? We
__________ here for ten years.
lived
has
have lived
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4-7 LETS PRACTICE
live
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
been living
How long ___ your family _________ here? We
_____________ here for ten years.
has
have been living
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4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE
I already fed the dog.
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4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE
ALREADY
(a) I fed the dog thirty minutes ago. I
already fed the dog.
happened before now Position midsentence
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4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE
YET
(b) I usually feed the dog, but I havent fed
him yet.
did not happen before now Position end of
sentence
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4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE
STILL
(c) I fed the dog thirty minutes ago. He is
still hungry. He still wants to eat. (d) I
liked classical movies when I was in
college. I still like them. (e) It hasnt
rained all week. It still isnt raining.




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4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE
STILL
(c) I fed the dog thirty minutes ago. He is
still hungry. He still wants to eat. (d) I
liked classical movies when I was in
college. I still like them. (e) It hasnt
rained all week. It still isnt raining.




situation continues to exist Position midsentence
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4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE
ANYMORE
(f) I used to be a teacher, but I retired.
I dont work anymore.
does not continue Position end of sentence
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4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE
ALREADY
affirmative sentences
(a) I already fed the dog.
YET
(b) I havent fed him yet.
negative sentences
ANYMORE
(f) I dont work anymore.
affirmative or negative sentences
STILL
(c) He is still hungry. (e) It still isnt
raining.
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4-8 LETS PRACTICE
already yet still anymore
She doesnt have any money. She _______ spent it
all.
already
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4-8 LETS PRACTICE
already yet still anymore
I did some homework, but I ______ have more to
do.
still
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4-8 LETS PRACTICE
We used to be friends, but we had an argument.
We dont like each other ________.
anymore
already yet still anymore
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4-9 PAST PERFECT
When they arrived at the store, it had already
closed.
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4-9 PAST PERFECT
(a) When they arrived at the store, it had
already closed.
two events in the past
1st event - Past Perfect 2nd event Simple Past
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4-9 PAST PERFECT
(b) The store had already closed when they
arrived.
FORM had past participle
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4-9 PAST PERFECT
(c) Itd closed. Shed gone home.
Hed gone home. Theyd gone home. Wed
gone home. Youd gone home.
CONTRACTION I / you / she / he / it / we /
they d
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4-9 PAST PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT
PAST PERFECT
before noon
before now
noon
now
X
X
X
X
(d) Im not cooking now. Ive already
ordered pizza.
(e) I was not cooking at noon. I had already
ordered pizza.
occurred before another time in the past
occurred before now, at an unspecified time
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4-9 PAST PERFECT
PAST PROGRESSIVE
PAST PERFECT
began waiting
pizza arrived
he came home
pizza arrived
X
X
X
X
(f) I was waiting when the pizza arrived.

(g) The pizza had arrived when he came home.
completed before a particular time in the past
in progress at a particular time in the past
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4-9 PAST PERFECT
I had already gone to bed when it started
snowing.
1st 2nd
a. it started snowing ____ b. I went to bed
____
2nd
1st
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4-9 PAST PERFECT
1st 2nd
I tried to go shopping, but the store had closed.
a. store closed ____ b. tried to
go shopping ____
1st
2nd
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4-9 PAST PERFECT
A friend called to suggest a good movie. She had
seen it last Friday.
1st 2nd
a. the friend saw the movie ____ b. the friend
called ____
1st
2nd
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PHOTO CREDITS

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