Essential Question:

1

• Essential Question
• What were the important reforms of the antebellum
  era, Populist movement, and Progressive era?
• CPWH Agenda for Unit 8.6
• Pop Quiz! ?
• Comparing Reform Movements
• Todays HW Unit 8 Organizer
• Unit 8 Test Friday, December 7
• County Final December 10
• CPUSH Final Exam December 17-19

2
One Hundred Years of Reform Comparing Reform
Movements Over Time

• Reform was not new in the Progressive Era.
  Reformers in the Antebellum Era and Gilded Age
  (Populists) tried to fix problems in society
• Directions Use the following slides to figure
  out where each specific reforms should go in your
  chart

3
Reasons for the Reform Movement
Antebellum Reform (1820-1850) Populists (1890s) Progressives (1890-1920)
? ? ?

• Western farmers faced falling crop prices, rising
  debts, and high railroad and mortgage rates
• Social Gospel reformers wanted to address
  problems created during the Gilded Age
• The Second Great Awakening led to religious
  revivalism

4
Womens Rights
Antebellum Reform (1820-1850) Populists (1890s) Progressives (1890-1920)
? ? ?

• Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
  helped gain passage of the 19th Amendment Labor
  laws led to a 10 hour work day Margaret Sanger
  promoted birth control
• None ?
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott helped
  write the Declaration of Sentiments at the Seneca
  Falls Convention

5
African American Rights
Antebellum Reform (1820-1850) Populists (1890s) Progressives (1890-1920)
? ? ?

• Booker T. Washington called for racial
  accommodation WEB DuBois led the Niagara
  Movement and formed the NAACP
• Black exodusters moved West as homestead farmers
  to escape segregation in the South
• William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass and
  other abolitionists called for the immediate end
  of slavery

6
Childrens Rights
Antebellum Reform (1820-1850) Populists (1890s) Progressives (1890-1920)
? ? ?

• Florence Kelley fought for child labor laws
  President Taft created the Childrens Bureau
• Horace Mann fought to create public schools to
  better educate young children, especially German
  and Irish immigrants
• None ?

7
Other Social Reforms
Antebellum Reform (1820-1850) Populists (1890s) Progressives (1890-1920)
? ? ?

• WCTU fought for temperance but failed to gain
  national prohibition
• Muckrakers like Jacob Riis exposed poverty Jane
  Addams created the first settlement house 18th
  Amendment led to prohibition
• None ?

8
Economic Reforms
Antebellum Reform (1820-1850) Populists (1890s) Progressives (1890-1920)
? ? ?

• Western farmers called for (but did not gain) a
  national income tax and the free coinage of
  silver (bimetallism)
• Jacksons attack on the Second Bank of the United
  States eliminated federal regulation of banking
  and the money supply
• 16th Amendment created a national income tax The
  Federal Reserve was created to regulate
  inflation, unemployment, and money supply

9
Business Reforms
Antebellum Reform (1820-1850) Populists (1890s) Progressives (1890-1920)
? ? ?

• The govt encouraged industry, especially
  Northern textile mills, by creating a tariff on
  imported goods
• Muckrakers Sinclair and Tarbell TRs Square
  Deal Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug
  Act Sherman Anti-Trust Act was used to bust
  monopolies Clayton Anti-Trust Act protected
  unions Environmental conservation
• Western farmers called for (but did not gain)
  government regulation of banks and railroads

10
Democratic Reforms
Antebellum Reform (1820-1850) Populists (1890s) Progressives (1890-1920)
? ? ?

• 17th Amendment allowed for the direct election of
  U.S. Senators 19th Amendment granted womens
  suffrage Initiative, referendum, recall created
  in western states
• Western farmers demanded (but did not gain) the
  right to directly elect their U.S. Senators
• Women demanded (but did not gain) the right to
  vote Property qualification ended and common
  white men could vote (universal white male
  suffrage)

11
Other Government Reforms
Antebellum Reform (1820-1850) Populists (1890s) Progressives (1890-1920)
? ? ?

• Jackson used the spoils system (patronage) to
  replace government bureaucrats
• Pendleton Act ended patronage by requiring a
  civil service exam City commissions and
  managers Lafollettes Wisconsin Idea
• None ?

12
Discussion Questions
Antebellum Reform (1820-1850) Populists (1890s) Progressives (1890-1920)
? ? ?

1. Which reform era (Antebellum, Populist,
   Progressive) was most successful? Least
   successful?
2. Which trend (social, economic, or political) saw
   the greatest change from 1820 to 1920?
3. What was the most important change of the
   Progressive Era (a) protection of children and
   the poor (b) regulation of big business or (c)
   the increase of democracy?