THE NUSTAR MISSION

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THE NUSTAR MISSION
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THE CHALLENGE OF FOCUSING HARD X-RAYS
GRAZING INCIDENCE ANGLE
where ?
is density (g/cm3) and E in keV For example
even for Pt (?21 g/cm3) at 30 keV is 0.18
deg, whereas at 5 keV is 1.1 deg A eff
f2 x a2 x R2 Valid for Wolter I optics, where f
focal length and R reflectivity (de Korte 1988)
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THE CHALLENGE OF FOCUSING HARD X-RAYS
Multi-layers grazing incidence Bragg
reflection N layers of heavy element/ light
elements (high/low refractive index as W/Si or
Pt/C) with spacing d which is a function of
depth (e.g, Christensen et al. 1991)
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THE CHALLENGE OF FOCUSING HARD X-RAYS
Balloon-borne hard X-ray focusing telescope have
already flown (InFOCuS in Japan
HERO, Ramsey02,
Cyg-X1, 20-45 keV
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THE CHALLENGE OF FOCUSING HARD X-RAYS
and mainly the precursor of NuSTAR, HEFT
(Harrison05)
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THE CHALLENGE OF FOCUSING HARD X-RAYS
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NUSTAR FACT SHEET
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NUSTAR FACT SHEET
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DEPLOYABLE MAST
THE 10m MAST IS A SCALED DOWN VERSION OF THE 60m
ONE ALREADY USED FOR THE SRTM WHICH FLEW IN 2000
ON ENDEAVOR
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LAUNCH VEHICLE
PEGASUS XL ROCKET LAUNCHED BY AIRCRAFT AT 12000 Km
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SCIENCE

• BY FLYING FIRST IT WILL OPEN THE DISCOVERY SPACE
  IN THE FOCUSING HARD X-RAY FIELD
• BLACK HOLE PHYSICS AND CENSUS, BY BEGINNING TO
  RESOLVE A CONSISTENT FRACTION OF OBSCURED AGN AT
  THE PEAK OF THE CXB
• ACCELERATION MECHANISMS IN SN REMNANT, BLAZARS,
  PWN, ETC.

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SCIENCE WHICH MAKES ME CURIOUS
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SCIENCE WHICH MAKES ME CURIOUS
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SCIENCE WE HAVE TO DO
DO I HAVE TO SAY IT ? HARD TAILS IN CLUSTERS
FERRARI (2010)
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HARD TAILS IN CLUSTERS
A2256 RELIC SAX PDS FUSCO-FEMIANO 2000
CONTROVERSIAL TO SAY THE LEAST (FF99, RM 04,
FF07 RM 14, FF14 )
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HARD TAILS IN CLUSTERS

• PROBLEMS W/ NON FOCUSING INSTRUMENTS
• SENSITIVITY
• BACKGROUND
• POINT SOURCE CONFUSION
• FOV

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HARD TAILS IN CLUSTERS
ARNAUD (2008)
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HARD TAILS IN CLUSTERS
ARNAUD (2008)
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SOMETHING ELSE ?

• CONTENT OF BUBBLES IN THE ICM (PARTICULARLY IN
  LOW T CLUSTERS GROUPS) ?

BLANTON03
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SOMETHING ELSE ?

• SHOCKS ?
• FE ABUNDANCE ?