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Literary Devices

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Literary Devices Short Story Objectives Robert Frost said that a poem should begin in delight and end in wisdom. Robert Frost was a farmer, teacher, and a writer. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Literary Devices


1
Literary Devices
  • Short Story Objectives

2
  • Robert Frost
  • said that a poem should begin in delight and
    end in wisdom.

3
  • Robert Frost was a farmer, teacher, and a writer.
  • He called himself a synecdochist (a small part of
    a big thing).

4
  • He was a realist and a naturalist.
  • He was like a potato with the dirt washed off.

5
  • He didnt dwell on the ugly or sordid he liked
    to write about the common every day life.

6
  • Longfellow
  • Didnt write about the conflicts of the day,
    although he did write some anti-slavery poems

7
  • Longfellow
  • had a long beard to cover scars from trying to
    save his wife from a house fire

8
  • Longfellow
  • Poetry was very strict to the rules.
  • His style was outdated.

9
  • Longfellow
  • He was didactic - He wanted to teach some kind of
    moral.

10
  • Longfellow
  • For those reasons, Poe didnt like him.

11
  • Edgar Allan Poe
  • He said..
  • 1) a poem should not be didactic - teaching.

12
  • 2) a poem should be short.
  • 3) a poem should be a creation of beauty.

13
  • 4) a poem should have a beautiful woman as its
    best subject.

14
  • Edgar Allen was fascinated with death and the
    supernatural.

15
  • He was a drug addict.
  • He married his 13, almost 14, year-old-cousin.

16
  • At age 40, he died of a morphine overdose.

17
  • 1)Poetry - imaginative writing in which language,
    images, sounds, and rhythm combine to create a
    special emotional effect

18
2. Symbol - any person, place or thing that
stands for something else.Ex Eagles symbolize
freedom.
19
3.Simile - Figure of speech that compares unlike
things using like or as-She is as sweet as
pie.
20
4. Metaphor - a figure of speech that compares
two unlike thingsThat car is a lemon.
21
5. Extended metaphor- to use a metaphor
throughout a poem
22
6. Narrative poetry - poetry that tells a story
23
7. Rhythm - the pattern of stressed and
unstressed syllables in a line of poetry
24
  • 8. Rhyme - the repetition of similar sounds. 2
    kinds

25
  • 9. End rhyme - rhymes come at the end of lines
  • 10. Internal rhyme - rhyme occurs within a line

26
11. Alliteration -the repetition of consonant
sounds(Betty Botter bought some butter.)
27
  • 12. Personification - a figure of speech in which
    something not human is given a human personality
    or characteristics.

28
  • 13. Exposition introduction to story (creates
    tone, gives setting, and introduces characters).

29
  • 14)setting - the physical and sometimes spiritual
    background of a story.

30
  • 4 elements of setting
  • 1) geographical location
  • 2)daily living of characters
  • 3)the time or period in which the action takes
    place
  • 4)general environment

31
  • 15. plot - the sequence of events
  • Components of plot conflict,rising action,
    climax, falling action, resolution
  • http//www.flanaganhighschool.com/fcatstrat/week19
    .htm

32
  • 16. atmosphere - the general mood or feeling

33
  • 17) Climax - the readers highest emotional
    involvement in the work
  • 18)Short story - a brief account of fictional
    events

34
  • 19)Point of view - the relationship of the author
    to the work
  • 1st person - I, Me, etc.
  • 2nd person - You, Your, etc.
  • 3rd person - He, She, etc.

35
  • 20)conflict - the struggle b/t two opposing
    forces.

36
  • 4 Kinds
  • 1) struggle w/ nature
  • 2) struggle w/ another person
  • 3) struggle w/ society
  • 4) struggle w/in

37
  • 21. suspense - the anticipation as to the outcome
    of events
  • Question of how, what, who?
  • Question of when?

38
  • 22.haiku Japanese poem that consists of three
    lines.
  • The 1st and 3rd lines have 5 syllables.
  • The 2nd line has 7 syllables.

39
  • 23.concrete poem a poem with a shape that
    suggests its meaning. EX a football shaped
    poem

40
  • 24.free verse a poem that has no definite
    pattern, line length, or rhyme scheme.

41
  • 25.lyric poem a short, musical poem that
    expresses observations or feelings usually has
    stanzas usually represent the poet as I

42
  • 26.Stanza - A group of lines forming a unit in a
    poem

43
  • 27. Imagery - language that appeals to the senses.

44
  • 28)Theme - underlying idea in a work

45
  • 29. Repetition - a device using the same word or
    phrase to show emphasis

46
  • Emily Dickinson
  • Two things in her writing
  • 1)compression of thought (putting a lot of
    meaning in fewer words)

47
  • Emily Dickinson
  • 2) apharisms (short poems)
  • Her titles are the first lines of the poems.

48
  • Emily Dickinson
  • Poetry was sharp and intense.
  • Poems were simple and passionate.
  • Ideas were witty, rebellious, and original.

49
  • Emily Dickinson
  • She had an acute awareness of the senses.
  • She used assonance often.

50
  • Emily Dickinson
  • She wore white, avoided people, and was different
    from other girls.
  • She was eccentric.

51
  • Emily Dickinson
  • Before she died, she would not leave her room.
  • When she died, only seven of her poems were
    published.

52
  • 30. Memoir autobiographical (about ones own
    life) writing that deals with the writers memory
    of someone or significant event.

53
  • 31. Epic A long narrative poem or story that
    relates the deeds of a hero.

54
  • 10 Epic Conventions
  • 1. Hero
  • 2. Vast setting
  • 3. Action consists of great courage
  • 4. Supernatural forces
  • 5. Simple story
  • 6. Objective
  • 7. Opens with a theme
  • 8. Begins in the middle
  • 9. Lots of lists
  • 10. Speeches by main character

55
32. Mood the emotional attitude that the author
takes toward the theme of the work
56
  • 33)Characterization-displaying a characters
    personality

57
  • Five Kinds
  • 1) characters actions
  • 2) characters speech
  • 3)what other characters say
  • 4)revealing characters thoughts
  • 5) directly commenting

58
34. Folk ballad - a form of verse to be sung or
recited, usually a story no known author35.
Literary ballad a story told in verse in which
the known author imitates a folk ballad
59
36. Limerick a comical poem written in 5 lines,
rhymed in the pattern of aabba, and having a
definite pattern of rhythm
60
  • 37)Resolution- the final outcome of the story

61
  • 38) assonance repetition of vowel sounds
  • 39) tone- attitude the writer takes toward
    his/her subject

62
  • 40) allusion a reference in one work of lit to
    a person, place, or event in another piece of
    lit.

63
ARMT Practice
64
  • plot - the sequence of events
  • Components of plot conflict,rising action,
    climax, falling action, resolution
  • http//www.flanaganhighschool.com/fcatstrat/week19
    .htm

65
  • ARMT
  • conflict - the struggle b/t two opposing forces.

66
  • 4 Kinds
  • 1) struggle w/ nature
  • 2) struggle w/ another person
  • 3) struggle w/ society
  • 4) struggle w/in

67
  • ARMT
  • Climax - the readers highest emotional
    involvement in the work
  • Resolution- the final outcome of the story

68
  • ARMT
  • Resolution- the final outcome of the story

69
  • ARMT
  • setting - the physical and sometimes spiritual
    background of a story.

70
  • 4 elements of setting
  • 1) geographical location
  • 2)daily living of characters
  • 3)the time or period in which the action takes
    place
  • 4)general environment

71
  • ARMT
  • Characterization-displaying a characters
    personality

72
  • Five Kinds
  • 1) characters actions
  • 2) characters speech
  • 3)what other characters say
  • 4)revealing characters thoughts
  • 5) directly commenting

73
ARMT Folk ballad - a form of verse to be sung
or recited, usually a story no known author
Literary ballad a story told in verse in which
the known author imitates a folk ballad
74
ARMT Limerick a comical poem written in 5
lines, rhymed in the pattern of aabba, and having
a definite pattern of rhythm
75
  • ARMT
  • Epic A long narrative poem or story that
    relates the deeds of a hero.

76
  • 10 Epic Conventions
  • 1. Hero
  • 2. Vast setting
  • 3. Action consists of great courage
  • 4. Supernatural forces
  • 5. Simple story
  • 6. Objective
  • 7. Opens with a theme
  • 8. Begins in the middle
  • 9. Lots of lists
  • 10. Speeches by main character

77
  • ARMT
  • haiku Japanese poem that consists of three
    lines.
  • The 1st and 3rd lines have 5 syllables.
  • The 2nd line has 7 syllables.

78
  • ARMT
  • concrete poem a poem with a shape that suggests
    its meaning. EX a football shaped poem

79
  • ARMT
  • free verse a poem that has no definite
    pattern, line length, or rhyme scheme.

80
  • ARMT
  • lyric poem a short, musical poem that
    expresses observations or feelings usually has
    stanzas usually represent the poet as I

81
ARMT Rhythm - the pattern of stressed and
unstressed syllables in a line of poetry
82
  • ARMT
  • Rhyme - the repetition of similar sounds. 2
    kinds

83
  • ARMT
  • End rhyme - rhymes come at the end of lines
  • Internal rhyme - rhyme occurs within a line

84
  • ARMT
  • Rhyme schemes

85
41. Tall tale a highly improbable, humorous
story that stretches facts beyond any hope of
belief.
86
  • 42)drama- a literary work meant to be performed
    for an audience. 3 elements 1)Story
  • 2)Told in Action
  • 3) Actors who play the characters

87
  • 43. Script - the complete text in a play
  • 44. Cast - list of characters

88
  • 45. Stage directions - describe the action and
    tell the characters what to do and how to do it

89
  • 46. Dialogue - what characters say
  • 47. Scenery - everything used to show the setting

90
  • 48. Sound effects - sounds that are made for a
    play

91
13. Inversion - the reversal of the normal order
of words in a sentenceEx A kiss, he did
receive.
92
14. Assonance - the repetition of similar vowel
sounds
93
  • 19. Onomatopoeia - a word that sounds like its
    meaning (BZZZ).

94
  • 8)Foreshadowing- the use of hints or clues to
    suggest what action is about to occur

95
  • 21. Atmosphere - the general mood or feeling

96
32. Mood the emotional attitude that the author
takes toward the theme of the work
97
29. Total effect - overall impression
98
  • 30. humor - something intended to be funny

99
  • 31. allusion - a reference in one work of lit to
    a person, place, or event in another piece of
    lit., art, or history.

100
  • 33. flashback - an interruption of the action to
    tell about something that happened earlier in
    time.

101
  • 34. character - a person in a story, novel,
    poem, or play

102
  • 37. Biography - a story about someones life
    written by someone else.

103
  • Elements of a short story
  • 1) Characters
  • 2) plot
  • 3)setting
  • 4) theme

104
  • 38.Anecdote - a short story to make a point

105
  • 39. Myth - a story,often about gods and goddesses
    that attempts to give meaning to the world

106
  • 42. Hero - chief character in story usually
    brave, courageous, kind, honest, etc.

107
  • 44. Parody - humorous imitation of a serious
    piece of literature

108
  • 45. Comedy - a literary work with a generally
    happy ending can be serious at times

109
  • 46. Monologue - one speaker in front of an
    audience

110
  • 47. Irony - the contrast b/t what is expected to
    happen and really does

111
  • 3 kinds of irony
  • 1) Dramatic irony- when the reader knows
    something the characters dont

112
  • 3 kinds of Irony
  • 2)Verbal irony - when a character or author says
    something and means something else

113
  • 3 kinds of Irony
  • 3)irony of situation - when the situation turns
    out differently from expected

114
  • 48. Subplot - a story within another story
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