Title: Literary Devices
1Literary Devices
2- Robert Frost
- said that a poem should begin in delight and
end in wisdom.
3- Robert Frost was a farmer, teacher, and a writer.
- He called himself a synecdochist (a small part of
a big thing).
4- He was a realist and a naturalist.
- He was like a potato with the dirt washed off.
5- He didnt dwell on the ugly or sordid he liked
to write about the common every day life.
6- Longfellow
- Didnt write about the conflicts of the day,
although he did write some anti-slavery poems
7- Longfellow
- had a long beard to cover scars from trying to
save his wife from a house fire
8- Longfellow
- Poetry was very strict to the rules.
- His style was outdated.
9- Longfellow
- He was didactic - He wanted to teach some kind of
moral.
10- Longfellow
- For those reasons, Poe didnt like him.
11- Edgar Allan Poe
- He said..
- 1) a poem should not be didactic - teaching.
12- 2) a poem should be short.
- 3) a poem should be a creation of beauty.
13- 4) a poem should have a beautiful woman as its
best subject.
14- Edgar Allen was fascinated with death and the
supernatural.
15- He was a drug addict.
- He married his 13, almost 14, year-old-cousin.
16- At age 40, he died of a morphine overdose.
17- 1)Poetry - imaginative writing in which language,
images, sounds, and rhythm combine to create a
special emotional effect
182. Symbol - any person, place or thing that
stands for something else.Ex Eagles symbolize
freedom.
193.Simile - Figure of speech that compares unlike
things using like or as-She is as sweet as
pie.
204. Metaphor - a figure of speech that compares
two unlike thingsThat car is a lemon.
215. Extended metaphor- to use a metaphor
throughout a poem
226. Narrative poetry - poetry that tells a story
237. Rhythm - the pattern of stressed and
unstressed syllables in a line of poetry
24- 8. Rhyme - the repetition of similar sounds. 2
kinds
25- 9. End rhyme - rhymes come at the end of lines
- 10. Internal rhyme - rhyme occurs within a line
2611. Alliteration -the repetition of consonant
sounds(Betty Botter bought some butter.)
27- 12. Personification - a figure of speech in which
something not human is given a human personality
or characteristics.
28- 13. Exposition introduction to story (creates
tone, gives setting, and introduces characters).
29- 14)setting - the physical and sometimes spiritual
background of a story.
30- 4 elements of setting
- 1) geographical location
- 2)daily living of characters
- 3)the time or period in which the action takes
place - 4)general environment
31- 15. plot - the sequence of events
- Components of plot conflict,rising action,
climax, falling action, resolution - http//www.flanaganhighschool.com/fcatstrat/week19
.htm
32- 16. atmosphere - the general mood or feeling
33- 17) Climax - the readers highest emotional
involvement in the work - 18)Short story - a brief account of fictional
events
34- 19)Point of view - the relationship of the author
to the work - 1st person - I, Me, etc.
- 2nd person - You, Your, etc.
- 3rd person - He, She, etc.
35- 20)conflict - the struggle b/t two opposing
forces.
36- 4 Kinds
- 1) struggle w/ nature
- 2) struggle w/ another person
- 3) struggle w/ society
- 4) struggle w/in
37- 21. suspense - the anticipation as to the outcome
of events - Question of how, what, who?
- Question of when?
38- 22.haiku Japanese poem that consists of three
lines. - The 1st and 3rd lines have 5 syllables.
- The 2nd line has 7 syllables.
39- 23.concrete poem a poem with a shape that
suggests its meaning. EX a football shaped
poem
40- 24.free verse a poem that has no definite
pattern, line length, or rhyme scheme.
41- 25.lyric poem a short, musical poem that
expresses observations or feelings usually has
stanzas usually represent the poet as I
42- 26.Stanza - A group of lines forming a unit in a
poem
43- 27. Imagery - language that appeals to the senses.
44- 28)Theme - underlying idea in a work
45- 29. Repetition - a device using the same word or
phrase to show emphasis
46- Emily Dickinson
- Two things in her writing
- 1)compression of thought (putting a lot of
meaning in fewer words)
47- Emily Dickinson
- 2) apharisms (short poems)
- Her titles are the first lines of the poems.
48- Emily Dickinson
- Poetry was sharp and intense.
- Poems were simple and passionate.
- Ideas were witty, rebellious, and original.
49- Emily Dickinson
- She had an acute awareness of the senses.
- She used assonance often.
50- Emily Dickinson
- She wore white, avoided people, and was different
from other girls. - She was eccentric.
51- Emily Dickinson
- Before she died, she would not leave her room.
- When she died, only seven of her poems were
published.
52- 30. Memoir autobiographical (about ones own
life) writing that deals with the writers memory
of someone or significant event.
53- 31. Epic A long narrative poem or story that
relates the deeds of a hero.
54- 10 Epic Conventions
- 1. Hero
- 2. Vast setting
- 3. Action consists of great courage
- 4. Supernatural forces
- 5. Simple story
- 6. Objective
- 7. Opens with a theme
- 8. Begins in the middle
- 9. Lots of lists
- 10. Speeches by main character
5532. Mood the emotional attitude that the author
takes toward the theme of the work
56- 33)Characterization-displaying a characters
personality
57- Five Kinds
- 1) characters actions
- 2) characters speech
- 3)what other characters say
- 4)revealing characters thoughts
- 5) directly commenting
5834. Folk ballad - a form of verse to be sung or
recited, usually a story no known author35.
Literary ballad a story told in verse in which
the known author imitates a folk ballad
5936. Limerick a comical poem written in 5 lines,
rhymed in the pattern of aabba, and having a
definite pattern of rhythm
60- 37)Resolution- the final outcome of the story
61- 38) assonance repetition of vowel sounds
- 39) tone- attitude the writer takes toward
his/her subject
62- 40) allusion a reference in one work of lit to
a person, place, or event in another piece of
lit.
63ARMT Practice
64- plot - the sequence of events
- Components of plot conflict,rising action,
climax, falling action, resolution - http//www.flanaganhighschool.com/fcatstrat/week19
.htm
65- ARMT
- conflict - the struggle b/t two opposing forces.
66- 4 Kinds
- 1) struggle w/ nature
- 2) struggle w/ another person
- 3) struggle w/ society
- 4) struggle w/in
67- ARMT
- Climax - the readers highest emotional
involvement in the work - Resolution- the final outcome of the story
68- ARMT
- Resolution- the final outcome of the story
69- ARMT
- setting - the physical and sometimes spiritual
background of a story.
70- 4 elements of setting
- 1) geographical location
- 2)daily living of characters
- 3)the time or period in which the action takes
place - 4)general environment
71- ARMT
- Characterization-displaying a characters
personality
72- Five Kinds
- 1) characters actions
- 2) characters speech
- 3)what other characters say
- 4)revealing characters thoughts
- 5) directly commenting
73ARMT Folk ballad - a form of verse to be sung
or recited, usually a story no known author
Literary ballad a story told in verse in which
the known author imitates a folk ballad
74ARMT Limerick a comical poem written in 5
lines, rhymed in the pattern of aabba, and having
a definite pattern of rhythm
75- ARMT
- Epic A long narrative poem or story that
relates the deeds of a hero.
76- 10 Epic Conventions
- 1. Hero
- 2. Vast setting
- 3. Action consists of great courage
- 4. Supernatural forces
- 5. Simple story
- 6. Objective
- 7. Opens with a theme
- 8. Begins in the middle
- 9. Lots of lists
- 10. Speeches by main character
77- ARMT
- haiku Japanese poem that consists of three
lines. - The 1st and 3rd lines have 5 syllables.
- The 2nd line has 7 syllables.
78- ARMT
- concrete poem a poem with a shape that suggests
its meaning. EX a football shaped poem
79- ARMT
- free verse a poem that has no definite
pattern, line length, or rhyme scheme.
80- ARMT
- lyric poem a short, musical poem that
expresses observations or feelings usually has
stanzas usually represent the poet as I
81ARMT Rhythm - the pattern of stressed and
unstressed syllables in a line of poetry
82- ARMT
- Rhyme - the repetition of similar sounds. 2
kinds
83- ARMT
- End rhyme - rhymes come at the end of lines
- Internal rhyme - rhyme occurs within a line
84 8541. Tall tale a highly improbable, humorous
story that stretches facts beyond any hope of
belief.
86- 42)drama- a literary work meant to be performed
for an audience. 3 elements 1)Story - 2)Told in Action
- 3) Actors who play the characters
87- 43. Script - the complete text in a play
- 44. Cast - list of characters
88- 45. Stage directions - describe the action and
tell the characters what to do and how to do it
89- 46. Dialogue - what characters say
- 47. Scenery - everything used to show the setting
90- 48. Sound effects - sounds that are made for a
play
9113. Inversion - the reversal of the normal order
of words in a sentenceEx A kiss, he did
receive.
9214. Assonance - the repetition of similar vowel
sounds
93- 19. Onomatopoeia - a word that sounds like its
meaning (BZZZ).
94- 8)Foreshadowing- the use of hints or clues to
suggest what action is about to occur
95- 21. Atmosphere - the general mood or feeling
9632. Mood the emotional attitude that the author
takes toward the theme of the work
9729. Total effect - overall impression
98- 30. humor - something intended to be funny
99- 31. allusion - a reference in one work of lit to
a person, place, or event in another piece of
lit., art, or history.
100- 33. flashback - an interruption of the action to
tell about something that happened earlier in
time.
101- 34. character - a person in a story, novel,
poem, or play
102- 37. Biography - a story about someones life
written by someone else.
103- Elements of a short story
- 1) Characters
- 2) plot
- 3)setting
- 4) theme
104- 38.Anecdote - a short story to make a point
105- 39. Myth - a story,often about gods and goddesses
that attempts to give meaning to the world
106- 42. Hero - chief character in story usually
brave, courageous, kind, honest, etc.
107- 44. Parody - humorous imitation of a serious
piece of literature
108- 45. Comedy - a literary work with a generally
happy ending can be serious at times
109- 46. Monologue - one speaker in front of an
audience
110- 47. Irony - the contrast b/t what is expected to
happen and really does
111- 3 kinds of irony
- 1) Dramatic irony- when the reader knows
something the characters dont
112- 3 kinds of Irony
- 2)Verbal irony - when a character or author says
something and means something else
113- 3 kinds of Irony
- 3)irony of situation - when the situation turns
out differently from expected
114- 48. Subplot - a story within another story