The South is destroyed

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The South is destroyed

• The Civil War ended April 9, 1865.
• Widespread Destruction
• This rebuilding of the South was called
  Reconstruction.

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Reconstruction Plan

• President Lincoln pushed reunification
• 10 Loyalty Plan
• The South also had to accept a ban on slavery.
• 13th Amendment
• Initially helped many African Americans in South

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Hiram Revels- 1st African American Congressman

• Since reconstruction, the masses of my people
  have been, as it were, enslaved in mind by
  unprincipled adventurers, who, caring nothing for
  country, were willing to stoop to anything no
  matter how infamous.

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The Freedmens Bureau

• The Freedmens Bureau assists poor blacks and
  whites in the South.
• Public Education in South
• Most former slaves were unable to read and write

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40 Acres and Mule

• Ex-slaves were promised 40 acres of land and a
  mule.
• Unfortunately, the government never came through
  with their promise.
• Led to argument for Reparations

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Lincolns Second Inaugural Address

• Second Inaugural Address explained Lincolns
  Reconstruction Plan.
• He hoped to reunite the nation and its people.

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• With malice hatred toward none, with
  charity for all, with firmness in the right as
  God gives us to see the right, let us finish the
  work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds,
  to care for him who shall have borne the battle,
  and for his widow and for his orphans, to do all
  which may achieve and cherish a just and a
  lasting peace among ourselves and with all
  nations.

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Lincoln is assassinated

• April 15, 1865 President Lincoln was assassinated
• John Wilkes Booth and Conspiracy
• Vice-President Andrew Johnson became president.

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The Black Codes

• The Black Codes- Legalized Segregation
• - Sharecropping
• - Servants
• - No Guns
• - No public meetings
• - Attempts to prevent them from moving to
  cities

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Voting Rights

• Other laws were passed to keep blacks from
  voting.
• Poll tax.
• Grandfather Clause.
• Literacy Tests

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Radical Republicans

• The Black Codes angered many Congressional
  Republicans
• The Radical Republicans wanted the South to
  change more before they could be readmitted to
  the Union.
• They were angry at President Johnson for letting
  the South off so easy.

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The President assumes, what no one doubts, that
the late rebel States have lost their
constitutional relations to the Union, and are
incapable of representation in Congress, except
by permission of the Government. It matters but
little, with this admission, whether you call
them States out of the Union, and now conquered
territories, or assert that because the
Constitution forbids them to do what they did do,
that they are therefore only dead as to all
national and political action, and will remain so
until the Government shall breathe into them the
breath of life anew and permit them to occupy
their former position. In other words, that they
are not out of the Union, but are only dead
carcasses lying within the Union. In either case,
it is very plain that it requires the action of
Congress to enable them to form a State
government and send representatives to Congress.
Thaddeus Stevens
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The 14th Amendment

• The 14th Amendment guaranteed citizenship to all
  people born or naturalized within the U.S. except
  for the Native Americans.
• It said that state governments could not deprive
  any person of life, liberty, or property, without
  due process of law.

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Johnson and The Radical Republicans

• Congress was angry at President Johnson for not
  going along with their Reconstruction policies.
• As a result, Congress impeached Johnson.

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Impeachment

• Impeachment is the process of charging a public
  official with a crime.
• President tried by Senate
• By a single vote, Republicans failed to convict
  Johnson.
• The only other time a president has been
  impeached was Bill Clinton.

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Ku Klux Klan

• Opposed to African Americans obtaining civil
  rights
• Employed terrorist tactics
• Later targeted anyone that did not fit into WASP
  category

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15th Amendment

• 1870
• The 15th Amendment gave African American men the
  right to vote.
• Womens rights activists were angered
• Southern States continued to place restrictions
  until Civil Rights Era and beyond in some cases.

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Reconstruction Ends 1877

• Close election in 1876
• Goes to Congress
• Hayes wins in exchange for ending Reconstruction

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Segregation and Jim Crow Laws

• Legalized Segregation
• Jim Crow Laws - laws that forced segregation
• Plessy V. Ferguson- Separate but equal confirmed
  by Supreme Court ruling.

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Plessy v. Ferguson

• The Supreme Court ruled segregation was legal in
  Plessy v. Ferguson.
• They said that segregation was fair as long as
  separate-but-equal facilities were provided for
  African Americans.
• In practice, the African American facilities were
  usually separate-and-unequal.
• It would take until the 1965, 100 years after the
  Civil War ended, for Jim Crow laws to be outlawed
  and blacks to finally realize legal equality in
  America.