THE ROMANS CREATE A REPUBLIC

1
THE ROMANS CREATE A REPUBLIC

• Ch. 6 Sec. 1

2
GEOGRAPHIC SETTINGS

• ITALY is on the ITALIAN PENINSULA
• North Alps
• Surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea
• West - Tyrrhenian Sea
• East Adriatic Sea
• The central location of the peninsula
  contributed to Roman control of the Mediterranean
  region

3
THE BEGINNINGS OF ROME

• LEGEND HAS IT THAT TWO BROTHERS FOUNDED THE CITY
  OF ROME
• 753 B.C.
• ROMULUS REMUS

4
CITY OF ROME

• BUILT ON SEVEN HILLS PALATINE HILLS
• It was in the center of the peninsula, which gave
  them a chance to control all of Italy

5
GREEK CONTRIBUTIONS

• ALPHABET
• RELIGION
• (ZEUS IS JUPITER)
• 50 EARLY GREEK COLONIES

6
EARLY REPUBLIC

• Republic Representative Democracy-decisions
  were made primarily by representatives who are
  elected and then vote on behalf of the people
• POWER RESTS WITH THE CITIZENS WHO HAVE THE RIGHT
  TO VOTE AND SELECT THEIR LEADERS
• Two groups struggled for power in the new
  republic

7
Two groups fight for power

• PATRICIANS ARISTOCRATIC CLASS OF LANDOWNERS

8
Two groups fight for power

• PLEBIANS THE COMMON FARMERS, ARTISANS,
  MERCHANTS THEY WERE THE MAJORITY

9
Who won the power struggle?

• At first the patricians held most of the power.
• Overtime, the plebeians got the right to form
  their own assembly Assembly of Tribes.

10
Basis for Roman Law

• The Twelve tables was the basis for Roman law.
• Set of rules that said all FREE citizens were
  protected by the law.
• publically displayed
• Roman system of justice was considered a
  milestone because it served as a model for many
  later European legal systems.

11
Roman Government

• Part One Two Consuls, or officials
• Elected each year
• They led the government and the army

12
Roman Government

• Second part, The Roman Senate
• MOST IMPORTANT OF THE THREE
• 300 PATRICIANS FOR LIFE
• LAW MAKING BODY

13
Important vocabulary word

• VETO- ability to over-rule or cancel vote

14
Roman Government

• The third, and most democratic part were the
  assemblies.
• Included members from all parts of society
• citizen soldiers and plebeians
• Could also make laws

15
Roman Principles of Law

• All persons are entitled to equal treatment under
  the law.
• People are innocent until proven guilty
• People should be punished for actions, not
  thoughts
• The burden of proof rest on the accuser, not the
  accused.
• Which one of these are seen in our legal system
  today????

16
Impact on Western Civilization

• Romans granted equal treatment under the
  law---? This is an example of civil and natural
  law that impacted Western Civilization

17
If there was a crisis

• Senate could name a dictator
• HAD ABSOLUTE POWER
• Made laws and commanded the
• army.
• 6 month term only.

18
THE ROMAN ARMY

• EVERY ADULT MALE CITIZEN (had to own land) was
  expected to serve in military
• Organized into 5000 man units called Legions
• Well trained and heavily armed

19
Rome Spreads Its Power

• 4th century B.C. Rome began to get larger
• Within 150 years Rome had conquered all of Italy
• Rome allowed some of the conquered people
  benefits of citizenship
• Rome saw growth of trade
• Brought it in conflict with CARTHAGE (trading
  city in north Africa)

20
Punic Wars Rome vs. Carthage

• From 264 to 146 B.C.
• Famous Carthaginian general, Hannibal
• Invaded Rome through Alps, on elephants!
• Hannibal was never able to capture Rome
• Roman General, Scipio, defeated him in Africa
• Carthage was destroyed
• salt was plowed into the ground to forever
  destroy the city.
• People forced into slavery
• Carthage made Roman province

21
War Elephants
22
Mastery Check

• Which of these forms of government is NOT in the
  United States?
• Representative Democracy
• Direct Democracy