Unit A: 1.2 Matter is made of atoms

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Unit A 1.2Matter is made of atoms

• Identify the smallest particles of matter
• How atoms combine into molecules
• How atoms and molecules move

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Atoms

• The basic unit of matter
• All matter made of different types and
  arrangements of atoms
• Building blocks atoms are the small parts that
  make up a larger structure.
• Matter is not something that contains atoms.
  Matter IS atoms.

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Atoms

• Extremely small take above shape pretend an
  atom is blown up to this size, how large would
  the pin be?
• Itd cover 90 mi2 (1/7 the area of London
  Catalina Island 76 mi2), 80 miles high (15x Mt.
  Everest)
• Too small for a light microscope
• Spoonful of water contains 500,000,000,000,000,000
  ,000,000 atoms
• How to find the mass of an atom?
• Find the mass of a large amount of a substance
  and divide it by the number of atoms to estimate
  the mass of one atom
• Add up mass of all atoms in the spoonful of
  water m 5g

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(Unit B, Atomic Structure)
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Mini-lab How small is an atom?

• How small is an atom? How small is a cell?
• Investigate the world of the very small by
  cutting a 28 centimeter (11 inch) strip of paper
  in half as many times as you can. If you can cut
  the strip of paper in half 31 times you will end
  up with a piece of paper the size of an atom!
• MATERIALS
• 1 strip of paper 28 centimeters long (11" inches)
• 1 pair of scissors
• PROCEDURE
• Take your strip of paper and cut it into equal
  halves.
• Cut one of the remaining pieces of paper into
  equal halves. ( each cut 1, 2, 3, 4)
• Continue to cut the strip into equal halves as
  many times as you can.
• Make all cuts parallel to the first one.

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How far did we get? Some comparisons
Cut 1 14.0 cm 5.5" (inches) Child's hand, pockets
Cut 2 7.0 cm 2.75" Fingers, ears, toes
Cut 3 3.5 cm 1.38" Watch, mushroom, eye
Cut 4 1.75 cm .69" Keyboard keys, rings, insects
Cut 6 .44 cm .17" Poppy seeds
Cut 8 1 mm .04" Thread. Congratulations if your still in!
Cut 10 .25 mm .01" Still cutting? Most have quit by now
Cut 12 .06 mm .002" Microscopic range, human hair
Cut 14 .015 mm .006" Width of paper, microchip components
Cut 18 1 micron .0004" Water purification openings, bacteria
Cut 19 .5 micron .000018" Visible light waves
Cut 24 .015 micron .0000006" Electron microscope range, membranes
Cut 31 .0001 micron .0000000045" The size of an Atom!
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Is there anything smaller?

• Yes, an atoms nucleus is 41 cuts! Electrons are
  9,000 times smaller than this! These things are
  far beyond the range of sensory perception, but
  not beyond the range of human understanding.

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Molecules

• What makes up substances
  besides
• atoms and
  molecules?
• Atoms (or combinations of atoms, molecules) are
  the only matter in a substancethere is empty
  space between atoms but it is too small to see
  and has no mass
• When two or more atoms bond together
• Atoms can be the same or different
• Ex water 2 hydrogen atoms, 1 oxygen atom
• Ex hydrogen gas 2 hydrogen atoms
• Ex Vitamin E 29 Carbon, 50 H, 2 O
• Same atoms, different different substance
• Oxygen (2 O ? O2) and Ozone (3 O ? O3)

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• Particles Particles Atoms   
• Atoms Atoms Molecules   
• Molecules Molecules Matter

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Motion of Atoms and Molecules

• Atoms and Molecules are constantly
• in motion
• colliding with other atoms and molecules
• Not as obvious with solids, but they are still
  moving
• States of matter 1.4