Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany

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Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany

• World Civilization

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Germany after WWI

• 1919- the Kaiser abdicated
• The Weimar Republic was created.
• Strain of reparations payments Great Depression
  depressed Germanys economy.
• hyperinflation

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Adolf Hitlers Early Life

• Born in Austria-1889
• Developed strong anti-Semitic feelings while
  living in Vienna.
• Rejected from art school
• Mothers doctor was a Jew
• Many Jews were rich
• Fought for the Germans in WWI after Austria
  rejected him.

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Hitlers Background

• Joined the Nazi party in 1919.
• National Socialist German Workers
• Arrested in 1923 for treason after he tried to
  stage a takeover. 9 months in jail.
• Wrote Mein Kampf while in prison.
• My Struggle

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Mein Kampf

• Main Ideas
• Germans belonged to master race
• Jews, Serbs, Poles, etc were enemies
• All Germans should unite to form 1 great nation.
• Germany should expand to gain lebensraum, or
  living space.

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The Nazi Party

• Nazi membership increased to 1 million.
• Hitler promised to end reparations, create jobs,
  and rearm Germany.
• Basically, make Germany great again.
• Instilled strong feelings of nationalism.
• Appealed to Germans b/c of horrible economy.

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Hitler becomes Chancellor

• Hitler was named chancellor of Germany in 1933
• Not popular with politicians, but better choice.
• Communism was spreading rapidly Hitler seemed
  the lesser of 2 evils.

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Hitler creates a totalitarian state

• Abolished all parties except Nazi party
• Ended civil rights
• Used military force to arrest/execute opponents
• SS (Schutzstaffel)
• Gestapo
• All Quiet on the Western Front burned

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Nazism and Religion

• The Nazis came first for the Communists. But I
  wasnt a Communist, so I didnt speak up. Then
  they came for the Jews, but I wasnt a Jew, so I
  didnt speak up. Then they came for the
  Catholics, but I was a Protestant so I didnt
  speak up. Then they came for me. By that time,
  there was no one left to speak up.
• Martin Niemoller, Lutheran min.

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Hitlers anti-Semitism

• 1933- Nuremberg Laws passed
• Prohibited Jews from
• Attending/teaching at German schools
• Holding govt. jobs
• Practicing law or medicine
• Publishing books
• Many Jews fled (Albert Einstein)

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Night of the Broken Glass

• Kristallnacht Nov. 9-10, 1938
• Nazi mobs attacked Jewish communities
• Homes, businesses, synagogues were damaged
• Beginning of the elimination of Jews

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Concentration Camps Auschwitz

• Auschwitz

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Hitler disobeys Versailles Treaty

• Hitler began rebuilding the military
• Also sent German troops into the Rhineland
• 30 mile wide buffer zone between France and
  Germany.
• The League of Nations was supposed to enforce the
  Treaty of Versailles.

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Policy of Appeasement

• Why wasnt Hitler stopped?
• Hitler was encouraged by lack of response
• Formed alliance with Italy and Japan.
• Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis
• The three nations became known as the Axis Powers.

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Appeasement

• 1938- Germany annexed Austria
• Anschluss
• 1938- Hitler demands the Sudetenland
• Western region of Czechoslovakia
• 3 million Germans
• Czech govt. asks France for help.
• Prepare for war.

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The Munich Conference

• 1938- Germany, Italy, GB, France
• GB and France agree to give Hitler the
  Sudetenland in exchange for his promise that he
  would stop there.
• Less than 6 months later, he had taken over all
  of Czechoslovakia.

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Nazi-Soviet Pact

• Nonaggression pact between Hitler and the Joseph
  Stalin, dictator of the Soviet Union.
• NOT a friendly alliance, but one based on mutual
  benefit.

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Hitler and Stalin
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WWII Begins

• Sept. 1, 1939 Germany invades Poland
• GB and France had promised to protect its
  independence.
• Sept. 3, 1939 GB and France declare war on
  Germany.

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Blitzkrieg

• Lightning War
• Luftwaffe, tanks, infantry
• Poland was wiped off the map in less than a
  month
• Winter 1939-Spring 1940- quiet
• sitzkrieg or phony war

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Germanys Expansion

• April 1940- Hitler launched a blitzkrieg against
  Norway and Denmark.
• Change in British leadership
• Neville Chamberlain stepped down
• King George VI asked Winston Churchill to take
  over as GBs new Prime Minister.
• Netherlands, Belgium fell next.

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Dunkirk

• May 1940- Germans came through the Ardennes
  Forest to France.
• Bypassed the Maginot Line system of
  fortifications along the German/French border.
• British and French troops were trapped!

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Dunkirk

• Dunkirk- port city on the English Channel.
• British sent any and all ships/boats to rescue
  the trapped soldiers.
• Evacuated troops across the Channel to Britain
  amidst German air raids.
• Saved 338,000 soldiers.

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The Fall of France

• France surrendered in June 1940.
• Germans occupied northern France set up a puppet
  govt in the South. Vichy France

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Operation Sea Lion

• The only major power left in Hitlers way was
  Britain.
• Prior to invading, he launched heavy air strikes.
• Aug. 1940 Daily bombings began.
• Brilliant air battles between the Luftwaffe and
  the RAF.

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The Blitz

• Sept 1940-bombings on London began.
• Cont. for 57 straight nights
• Britain refused to surrender!
• Londoners hid underground in the Subway for
  shelter.
• Operation Sea Lion failed!

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• Hitler abandoned the idea of conquering GB for
  awhile.
• Germany Italy sent troops to North Africa.
• GB controlled Egypt, and the Axis Powers wanted
  access to the oil-rich Middle East.
• Erwin Rommel the Desert Fox

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Erwin Rommel
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• Next, Hitler conquered the Balkan nations.
• Operation Barbarossa- Hitlers plan to invade the
  Soviet Union.
• He wanted the land and vast resources of this
  region.
• Also wanted to crush communism and his powerful
  rival- Stalin.

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• Invasion began on June 22, 1941.
• The USSRs Red Army was not prepared. As they
  retreated, they burned and destroyed anything
  useful to the Germans.
• Whats this policy called?
• By December, temps in the Soviet Union had
  reached -40 degrees.

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Leningrad

• German army had the city surrounded. Hitler
  tried to starve the 2.5 million citizens living
  there.
• Ate cattle/horse feed, cats, dogs, crows, rats,
  and wallpaper to survive.
• Over 1 million people died.