Agriculture in Thailand

1
??????????
2
?????????????

1. Peter Warr (ed.), Ch.2 Manufacturing by Somsak
   Tambunlertchai
2. Medhi Krongkaew (ed.), Ch.1 Thai
   Industrialization An Overview by Malcolm
   Falkus, and Ch. 3 Export-Led Industrialization
   by Suphat Suphachalasai

3
?????????????

1. ???????? ??????????????, ????????? ????????????
   ?????????? ?????? (2539) ????????????????????????
   ????????????????????????????? ??????? 8
2. ???????????????????????????? ???????????????????
   ?? ???????????????????????????????????? 28
   ??????? 2548 ??????????????????????????

4
?????????????????

• I. ?????????????????????????????????
• II. ??????????????????????????????
• III. ??????
• IV. ?????????????

5
I. ?????????????????????????????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  1960s
• ???????????? 10 ?????????????????? 1960s
• ???????????????????????????? 16 ???? 34
  ????????????????? 30 ???????????
  ??????????????????????????????????

6
I. ?????????????????????????????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  1960s
• ???????????????????????????????????????? ?.?.
  2540 ??????????????????????????

7
Economic Structure by GDP Breakdown Economic Structure by GDP Breakdown

  1970 1980 1988 1996 1997
Agriculture 27.0 20.6 16.9 9.5 9.4
Manufacturing 16.0 21.7 23.0 29.7 30.2
Construction 5.3 4.5 4.0 7.4 5.7
Wholesale and Retail Trade 17.4 16.9 17.0 16.5 17.2
Transport and Communications 6.5 6.7 7.4 7.4 7.8
Banking 2.5 2.8 3.6 7.1 6.5
Real Estate 3.4 3.3
Other Services 25.3 26.8 28.1 18.9 19.8
Gross Domestic Product, (GDP) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
8
Economic Structure by GDP Breakdown Economic Structure by GDP Breakdown

  1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Agriculture 10.8 9.4 9.0 9.1 9.4
Manufacturing 30.9 32.7 33.6 33.4 33.9
Construction 3.9 3.6 3.1 3.0 3.0
Wholesale and Retail Trade 17.0 17.3 17.2 16.7 15.9
Transport and Communications 7.8 8.1 8.1 8.3 8.1
Banking 5.1 3.4 3.0 2.9 3.0
Real Estate 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.2
Other Services 21.3 22.2 22.8 23.3 23.4
Gross Domestic Product, (GDP) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
9
I. ?????????????????????????????????

• ????????????????????????????????? (
  import-substituting) ???????????? 1950s ????
  1970s ?????????????????????????
  (export-oriented) ????????????? 1980s ?????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????? 1985 ????????????????????? 80
  ???????????????????

10
Exports by Sector ()
  1961 1971 1981 1991 2000
Manufacturing 2 10 36 76 86
Agriculture 83 62 48 15 7
Fisheries 0.4 2 4 6 3
Others 15 26 12 3 4
Total 100 100 100 100 100
11
I. ?????????????????????????????????

• ???????????????????????? 10 ????????? (1998
  2002)
• ?????????????????? ??????? (IC) ????????
  ?????? ??????????????? ????????????? ????
  ?????????????????? ??????????? ???????

12
I. ?????????????????????????????????

• ????????? ?????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????? (??????????????) ????????
  ???????????????? (?????? ??????????? ???????
  ??????????? ?????????????)
• ??????????? ?????????????? ????????????????
  ???????? ?????????????????? engineering-based
  (?????????????? ??????????? ???????)

13
Value Added of Major Manufacturing Industries Value Added of Major Manufacturing Industries
(Percent)
  1996 1998 2000 2002
Food Products and Beverages 16.8 18.7 15.8 16.2
Textiles 6.8 7.7 6.9 6.4
Wearing Apparel 7.5 7.5 6.5 5.8
Refined Petroleum Products 8.4 10.9 9.5 9.0
Other Non-metallic Mineral Products 5.8 4.2 4.3 4.8
Machinery and Equipment 4.3 3.6 4.1 4.2
Office and Computing Machinery 4.2 6.1 6.5 5.6
Television and Communication Equipment 7.9 8.3 9.7 8.4
Motor Vehicles 7.7 2.2 5.2 7.4
14
I. ?????????????????????????????????

• ??????????? ?????????????/?????????????????
• ??????????????????? ?????????????????????
  ???????? ????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????

15
I. ?????????????????????????????????

• ???????????????????????? 10 ????????? (1998
  2002)
• ???????????????? ?????????????????????
  ??????? IC ????????? ?????????
• ?????????????????? ?????????????????
  ????????????? ?????? ??????????

16
I. ?????????????????????????????????

• ????????????????????????????? (Assembly)
  ????????????????? (low linkages)
  ???????????????????? (low-tech base)
• ???????????????? ???????? 15 ??????????????

17
(No Transcript)
18
I. ?????????????????????????????????

• ???????????????????????????? ???????? 1970s
  ??? 1980s 90 ????????????????????????
  50 ?? ?????????? ???.

19
Size Distribution of Manufacturing Enterprises 1997 Size Distribution of Manufacturing Enterprises 1997 Size Distribution of Manufacturing Enterprises 1997 Size Distribution of Manufacturing Enterprises 1997 Size Distribution of Manufacturing Enterprises 1997 Size Distribution of Manufacturing Enterprises 1997 Size Distribution of Manufacturing Enterprises 1997 Size Distribution of Manufacturing Enterprises 1997 Size Distribution of Manufacturing Enterprises 1997

Number of   Five near         Whole All Manu.
Employees Bangkok Bangkok Central North NE South Country Enterprises
All sizes 36.1 23.4 16.0 9.0 8.2 7.3 100.0 100.0
1-9 43.0 13.7 13.3 11.0 10.5 8.6 100.0 40.8
10-49 36.2 23.8 14.3 9.3 8.8 7.6 100.0 27.6
50-199 30.8 33.4 18.4 6.6 5.3 5.6 100.0 20.9
200 and over 20.5 39.9 25.6 5.2 3.7 5.2 100.0 10.7
20
I. ?????????????????????????????????

• ??????????????????????????? ???. 20
  ?????????????????????????????????? ???.
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  
• ????????????????????????????????????????????
  1980s ?????????????????????????? ???????
  ?????????????????????????????????????

21
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF MANUFACTURING VALUE ADDED REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF MANUFACTURING VALUE ADDED REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF MANUFACTURING VALUE ADDED REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF MANUFACTURING VALUE ADDED

REGION 1995 1997 1999 2001
BANGKOK AND VICINITIES 62.7 58.1 57.0 56.4
CENTRAL 6.5 6.2 5.9 6.1
WESTERN 3.5 3.1 3.2 3.2
EASTERN 16.6 21.9 23.0 23.5
SOUTHERN 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1
NORTHERN 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.8
NORTHEASTERN 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0
WHOLE KINGDOM 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
22
I. ?????????????????????????????????

• ???????????????????????????????????????? (FDI)
• ????????????? FDI ???????????????????????
  ??????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????????

23
I. ?????????????????????????????????

• ???????????????????????????????????????? (FDI)
• ????????????? ??????? ????????????????????
  (NICs) U.S. ??? E.U.
• 5 ??????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????

24
II. ??????????????????????????????

• ?????????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????? (???????????????????????
  )
• ??????????????????????????????????
  (???????????????????)
• ??????????????? (market-oriented economy)
  ???????????????????

25
II. ??????????????????????????????

• ??????????????????????????????????? ????
  ????????? ??????? ????????
• ? ????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????????????? 1980s
  ??????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????? (????)

26
II. ??????????????????????????????

• ?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????
  ??? ??????????? ????????????????????????????????
  
• ????????????? (???? ?????????????)
• ??????????? (???? ???. ???.)
• ?????????? ??????????????????????

27
II. ??????????????????????????????

• ??????????????????????
• ??????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????? NICs
• ?????????????????????? ???? AFTA
  ????????????????????????????????

28
II. ??????????????????????????????

• ???????????????????????????? (??? ??????? ?????
  ???) ?????????????? ???????????????????1990s
• ????????????? (?????? ??????????) ???????
  ???????????????????? 1990s

29
III. ??????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????? 1950s ? ???????????

30
III. ??????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????? 1960s ?????????
• ?????????????????
• ????????? (??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????)
• ??????????? (???????? ???????? internet)
• ????? ???
• ??????????????

31
III. ??????

• ??????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  1960s ??? 1970s
• ?????????????????????????????? (?????????)
  ????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????

32
III. ??????

• ??????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  1960s ??? 1970s
• ????????????????????????? 1980s
• ?????????????????????? (import surcharge)
  ???????????????????????????? (anti-dumping)
• ????????????????????????

33
III. ??????

• ????????????????????
• ????????????????????
• ????????????????? (Tax rebates)
  ????????????????????????????????????????????

34
III. ??????

• ????????????????????
• ??????????????? ???? ????????????? ???????????
• ???????????????????????? ASEAN ????????????????
  (FTA) ?????

35
III. ??????

• ?????????????????????? (Board of Investment ????
  BOI)
• ????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????? (????) ???????????????????
  ????????????? ?????? 3-8 ?????
• ????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????

36
III. ??????

• ????????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????? 3 ???
• ???????? ??????????
• ???????????????????????? ??????????
• ???????????? ????? ??????????????????
• ? ???????????????????

37
III. ??????

• ???????????????????
• ???????????????????
• ??????????????????? Gas related Heavy
  industries

38
III. ??????

• ???????????????????
• ???????????????????
• ?????????????? ??????????????????????????????????
  ? (??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????
  ????????????
• ??????? ????????????????? ??????????????
  ??????? (?)

39
III. ??????

• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  
• ???????????????????????????????????? (Industrial
  Finance Corporation of Thailand ???? IFCT)
  ??????????????
• ????????????????????????????? (Export-Import
  Bank)
• ?????????????????????????????????? (SME Bank)

40
III. ??????

• ???????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????? 1960
  1980
• ???????????????? 1984 ? ???????????????? (basket
  peg)

41
III. ??????

• ???????????????
• ?????????????????????????? 1997
  ????????????????????????? (managed float)
• ??????????????????????????????????? 2006 ??? ???.
  ????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????? ??????????????????????????????????
  ???????????

42
III. ??????

• ?????
• ????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????

43
III. Policy Measures

• ????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????
• ??????????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????????????
• ?????????????????????????? ????? ??? ?????
  ?????? ?????????????

44
IV. ?????????????

• ???????????????????????????? 1996
• ? ????????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????? ??????????????????? ???????? ???
  ??????? ???????? ???????????

45
IV. ?????????????

• ???????????????????????????? ?????????????????????
  ?????
• ????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????
  (?????????????????)
• ????????????? GSP ????

46
IV. ?????????????

• ??????????????????????????
• ??????????????????? ???????????????? ??????????
• ????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????