Earth Science

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Earth Science
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Chapter 1 Earth as a System
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Science is Any system of knowledge which
tries to observe, identify, understand and
describe the nature of the Universe in whole or
part.
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What is Earth Science??
Earth Science is the study of our entire planet,
its past history, and how it has changed, its
present activity, and the way that it will change
in the future.
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Earth Science is the study of our planets
interacting systems (the geosphere, hydrosphere,
biosphere and atmosphere) , its place within the
solar system, and the universe beyond the earth.
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Chapter 1.2The Earths Four Spheres
Geosphere
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Earth Systems Science
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Matter and energy move back and forth between the
different Earth Spheres, and the different
spheres interact every day, all around you.
Can you think of some examples of how this is so?
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Geosphere and _______?
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Atmosphere and ______?
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Geosphere and _______?
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_________ and _______?
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Interactions among the Spheres
Volcanoes (___________) erupt, sending ash and
gases into the air (____________), and
sending lava and ash down on surrounding forests
(____________) and human habitations
(____________).
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Interactions among the Spheres
Hurricanes (____________) Sweep across the
ocean (____________), and onto the Land
(____________), damaging The dwellings of
people (____________) who live along The coast.
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Interactions among the Earths spheres change the
spheres to differing degrees.
These impacts can be single events, temporary
changes, or ongoing change.
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What is a System?
A System is defined as A part of the Universe
that can be studied separately.
The Solar System
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System models can be used to study what happened
in the past, what is currently happening, and
what might happen in the future.
Galactic Collision
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Two Types of Systems

• Closed System Energy may enter and leave, but
  matter does not. (examples?)
• Open System System and its surroundings freely
  exchange both matter and energy. (examples?)
• What is the Earth?

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Earth Systems Science studies the flow of matter
and energy in and out of the Earths open
systems, or Spheres.
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Cycles and the Earth
A Cycle is a series of steps that repeats.
Some cycles (water cycle) repeat over relatively
short periods of time, while others repeat over
millions of years.
On Earth, the water cycle, energy cycle, carbon
cycle, tectonic cycle and rock cycle work
together to maintain a dynamic planet.
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The Water Cycle
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What is Happening?
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The Carbon Cycle

• The Carbon Cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by
  which carbon is exchanged between the Biosphere,
  Geosphere, Hydrosphere, and Atmosphere of the
  Earth.
• The Carbon Cycle includes four major
  interconnected reservoirs that exchange Carbon.
• These reservoirs include the Atmosphere (mostly
  carbon dioxide), the terrestrial Biosphere, the
  Oceans, and Sediments and Fossil Fuels.

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