DO NOW

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DO NOW


7th Grade Science
Oct 20, 2014
Date 10/20
DO NOW How is it possible that a blonde child can be born to parents who both have brown hair?
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ESSENTIAL QUESTION What creates diversity among offspring?
OBJECTIVES -Video on advantages of Asexual Reproduction -Investigation Dresophila Fly Fornication
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• Video Advantages of Asexual Reproduction
• (watching only up to 2min 30sec.)

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Vocabulary Review
Phenotype Curly wings, white eyes, tan
body. Possible Genotype AA, rr, BB AA, rr,
Bb Aa, rr, BB Aa, rr, Bb
Dominant Recessive
Wings A curly astraight
Eye Color R red r white
Body Color B tan b yellow
How is this genotype different than the others?
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VOCABULARY REVIEW
Allele a version of one gene Example curly
wing allele A Example straight wing allele
a Homozygous having identical alleles or
versions of a gene for a trait Example
Homozygous Dominant (AA) Example Homozygous
Recessive (aa) Heterozygous having different
alleles or versions of a gene for a
trait Example Heterozygous (Aa)
Homo Same
Hetero Different
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Investigation

1. Tape the investigation handouts into your
   composition book. Make your notebook look like
   this picture.
2. Read introduction and answer the pre-lab
   questions.

Tape here only
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Investigation Sexual Reproduction
1. Each pair will get a nucleus (paper cup) with
4 allele pairs (red/yellow coins). 2. Shake up
the cups and dump them out on the table (make
sure the male and female alleles dont get mixed
up!) 3. Record the genotype and phenotype on
your handout. 4. Repeat until you have data for
4 offspring. 5. Color your fruit fly drawings to
match the offspring you created.
R
r
Offspring Nucleus
R
R
a
a
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Investigation Asexual Reproduction
1. Close your eyes and select both chromosomes
from the ONLY the females nucleus. 2. Record
the genotype and phenotype on your handout. 3.
Repeat until you have data for 2 offspring. 4.
Color your fruit fly pictures to match your
offspring.
r
r
r
r
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Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction

• Draw a line between groups of offspring. Label
  the first 4 offspring that had TWO PARENTS as
  SEXUAL REPRODUCTION DIVERSE
• Label the offspring with ONE PARENT as ASEXUAL
  REPRODUCTION UNIFORM

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Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction DIVERSE
Asexual Reproduction UNIFORM
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Investigation Conclusion

• Answer the questions below using complete
  sentences.
• Compare the offspring made by sexual reproduction
  and asexual reproduction.
• Explain why the offspring made by sexual
  reproduction differ from asexual reproduction.
• Imagine a virus infects both populations of
  offspring and kills only red eyed flies. Which
  population of offspring is most likely to
  survive the population of sexually or asexually
  reproducing flies? Explain your answer.

Conclusion Questions
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Exit Ticket

• How are the offspring of sexual reproduction
  different from the offspring of asexual
  reproduction?

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DO NOW


Oct 21
Date 10/21
Q A DO NOW What are some of the different phenotypes in your family?  Are there any members in your family that look different than all the others?  Explain why you think that is.
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ESSENTIAL QUESTION What creates diversity among offspring?
OBJECTIVES -Punnett square practice -Two-column notes on types of reproduction -Compare the types of reproduction in a mind map
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Video

• Asexual Reproduction

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NOTES Sexual and Asexual Reproduction

• Expectations
• -Level 1 Voice
• -DO NOT visit any other websites during your note
  taking.
• -Stay on task

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TWO COLUMN NOTES
Main Idea or Vocabulary on the left
Details and definitions on the right
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Heredity is the passing of traits from parent to
offspring.
Heredity is responsible for how you have your
mothers eyes and your fathers smile. Along
with this inherited similarity though, there is
also variation, as we are not exact clones of our
mothers and fathers.
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• Offspring are the new organisms produced by one
  or more parents. (children, babies, young)

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• The study
• of heredity
• in biology
• is called
• genetics.

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• The Father of Genetics
• Gregor Mendel was an Austrian
• monk who studied mathematics
• and science but became a
• gardener in a monastery.

 
 
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• The Father of Genetics
• Mendel thought there was a connection between the
  flower color of a pea plant and the type of seed
  the plant produced.
• He began to experiment with garden peas in 1856.
• Mendel made careful use of experimental design to
  study pea plants and had the first recorded study
  of how traits pass from one generation to the
  next.

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(No Transcript)
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Reproduction

• Reproduction - biological process by which new
  "offspring" (individual organisms) are produced
  from their "parents".
• It is the process by which an organism
  produces others of its same kind.

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• Turn to your partner and discuss the following
  questions
• Do all organisms reproduce?
• Do all organisms reproduce in the same way?

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Types of Reproduction

• Asexual - one parent
• Offspring are UNIFORM
• Sexual - two parents
• Offspring are DIVERSE

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• Asexual Reproduction
• a type of reproduction in which a new
  organism is produced from one parent and has the
  same DNA or genetic material as the parent.

Spider plant offspring
Yeast cells dividing (budding)
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Asexual Reproduction

• Requires only one parent
• Offspring have 100 the same chromosomes as the
  parent.
• In other words, the offspring are exact clones
  of the parent.
• Mitosis
• Movie

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Asexual Reproduction

• Advantages
• Animals that remain in one place and are unable
  to look for mates would need to reproduce
  asexually.
• Numerous offspring can be produced without
  "costing" the parent a great amount of energy or
  time. This type of reproduction is also faster.
• Environments that are stable and experience very
  little change are the best places for organisms
  that reproduce asexually.
• Disadvantages
• Lack of genetic variation - all of the organisms
  are genetically identical and therefore share the
  same weaknesses.
• If the stable environment changes, the
  consequences could be deadly to all of the
  individuals.

Animals are not the only organisms that
reproduce asexually. Yeasts,
plants, and bacteria are capable of asexual
reproduction as well.
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Asexual Reproduction

• Gremlins Clip

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• Turn to your partner and discuss 1 new fact
  that you just learned about asexual reproduction.

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• Sexual reproduction
• a type of reproduction in which two cells,
  usually an egg and a sperm, join to form a new
  organism with its own genetic identity.

Plant
Animal
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Sexual Reproduction

• Advantage
• Allows genetic variation or diversity within a
  species which assists with the species survival
• Disadvantages
• Requires 2 parents
• Reproduction is slower

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Sexual Reproduction

• Most of the members of the Animal Kingdom
• Fish
• Mammals
• Amphibians
• Birds
• Reptiles
• Insects
• Crustaceans

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Sexual Reproduction

• Examples of organisms that reproduce sexually
• Chickens
• Iguanas
• Lobsters
• Sharks
• Humans
• Butterflies
• Sunflowers
• Roses

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Sexual Reproduction

• Happens 2 ways
• Internally (inside)
• The egg is fertilized by sperm inside the female
• Mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, spiders
• Externally (outside)
• The egg is fertilized by sperm outside the female
• The female lays the eggs and then the male
  fertilizes them.
• Fish and some amphibians
• Plants and fungi (pollen and spores)

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Asexual ReproductionExamples
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Asexual Reproduction

• Examples of organisms that reproduce asexually
• Hydra
• Sea Star
• Strawberry
• Eubacteria
• Euglena
• Paramecium
• Yeast

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Types of Asexual Reproduction

• Fragmentation

Fragmentation is where a single parent breaks
into parts that regenerate into whole new
individuals. Ex. Planaria
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Types of Asexual Reproduction

• Vegetative Propagation (Plant cuttings)
• http//leavingbio.net/VEGETATIVEPROPAGATION.htm

Vegetative reproduction is a type of asexual
reproduction in plants where new parts grow from
parts of the parent plant. It has long been
used in horticulture and agriculture.
Ex. Spider Plant
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Types of Asexual Reproduction

• Binary Fission
• Bacteria
• Protists

Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction
where every organelle is copied and the organism
divides in two.
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Types of Asexual Reproduction

• Budding
• Movie

Budding is where a new individual develops from
an outgrowth of a parent, splits off, and lives
independently.
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Types of Asexual Reproduction

• Regeneration

Regeneration occurs when a body part has broken
off and the organism grows a new one. Ex. Lizard
Tail The ability to restore lost or damaged
tissues, organs or limbs
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• A whole new starfish can grow from a single arm
  that was cut off a starfish organism.
• A planarian is a tiny flatworm that lives in
  ponds. If a planarian is cut into pieces, each
  piece will grow into a new planarian.
• Yeast are one-celled organisms that produce
  offspring from a bulge that forms and breaks away
  from the parent.

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Exit Ticket

• Which offspring, sexual or asexual, are likely to
  have genetic variation?
• Which offspring will be identical?

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DO NOW


Date 10/22 10/23
What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction? Use complete sentences.
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ESSENTIAL QUESTION How are traits passed from parents to offspring (children)?
OBJECTIVES -DNA extraction lab -Review Vocabulary for Heredity. -Play Science BINGO using vocabulary
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DNA Extraction Lab

• Lab Director Makes sure directions are being
  followed correctly.
• Materials Manager Gets materials and returns
  them. Makes sure all materials are accounted
  for.
• Clean-up Manager Assigns clean up duties as
  needed and does final clean check.
• Time Keeper Makes sure students stay on task and
  watches the clock.

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DNA Extraction Lab

• When you finish the procedures, clean your area
  and answer the questions at your desk.

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Independent Practice

• Sponge Bob Genetics Sheet

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SCIENCE BINGO!
Fill in all of the empty spaces with one word
from the back of your card. Words can be used
twice, but not in the same row or column.
genes
alleles
phenotype
phenotype
As you hear the definition of a word, check it
off your paper. Any full horizontal, vertical,
or diagonal line results in Bingo!
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DO NOW


Oct 19, 2012
7th grade Science
Date 10/19 Q What creates diversity in offspring?
DO NOW Describe the main difference between sexual and asexual reproduction in your own words.  Use complete sentences.