DO NOW

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DO NOW

• A team of scientists has discovered a cure for
  the common cold!!! The new vaccine was tested in
  20 individuals all of whom had the same strain of
  the cold. The symptoms of the cold disappeared in
  all 20 individuals within a 24 hour period of
  time.
• Did the scientists actually discover the cure for
  the common cold? Why or why not?

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DO NOW ANSWERED

• No, the scientists did not prove that their
  vaccine was effective against all strains of the
  cold.
• The test group was too small.
• The experiment should have been retested on a
  variety of groups of people.
• The experiment also lacked a control group.

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Chapter 1

• The Science of Biology

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Bio journal 1

• Complete Bio journal 1 using this image.

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Diversity of Life Activity
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1-1 What is Science?

• asking questions about the world around us is
  part of human nature
• examples how did life begin? where did plants
  and animals come from?
• different cultures have different answers to
  these questions

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Science

• Organized process whose goal is to investigate
  and understand the natural world
• Explain events in the natural world
• Use those explanations to make useful predictions

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DO NOW Friday Sept 6

• List the steps of the scientific method.

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DO NOW ANSWERED

• Observation
• Hypothesis
• Experiment
• Data Analysis
• Conclusion

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Science is an ongoing process

• The most effective way to learn science or
  biology is to think like a scientist or
  biologist.
• Begins with observation the process of
  gathering information about events or processes
  in a careful, orderly way.
• Usually involves the senses sight and hearing
• Information we gather from observations is called
  data.

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Thinking like a scientist

• Scientists use data to make inferences logical
  interpretations based on prior knowledge or
  experience.
• A hypothesis is a
• proposed scientific
• explanation for a
• set of observations.
• Sometimes involves creative imagination but
  always grounded in science.

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1-2 How Scientists Work

• systematic approach to problem solving that
  involves observation and experimentation
• distinguishes a science from a nonscience
• consists of five steps
• Ask a question observing and stating a problem
• Forming a hypothesis possible explanation or
  conclusion about some event in nature
• Testing the hypothesis with an experiment or
  controlled test
• Recording and analyzing data recorded
  observations and information
• Forming a conclusion
• Experiments must be able to be replicated.

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Replicating an Experiment

• Complete the activity Replicating Results
• A hypothesis should be tested by an experiment in
  which only variable is changed at a time.
• All other variables should be kept unchanged or
  controlled.

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DO NOW Sept 9

• Explain why performing an experiment or
  controlled test is a critical step in the
  scientific method.

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DO NOW ANSWERED

• Testing your hypothesis using a controlled
  experiment will provide you with accurate data.
• Data will be meaningful when it is analyzed.
• If certain controls are not set, it will not be
  possible to only test for a single variable.

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AGENDA Monday Sept 9

• BIG Question How have early scientific
  experiments shown the value of the scientific
  method?
• 1. DO NOW
• 2. Replicating Results Part II
• 3. Identifying Variables
• 4. Spontaneous Generation
• 5. Closing Thoughts
• 6. Scientific Method Homework Due Tuesday

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A Controlled Experiment

• variable single factor that is isolated and
  tested in an experiment
• can only be ONE variable
• constant the part of the experiment that stays
  the same from setup to setup
• control setup part of the experiment that does
  not contain the variable
• experimental setup part of the experiment that
  
  contains the variable being tested
• controlled experiments allow researchers to
  isolate
  and test the effects of a single
  factor

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Identifying Variables

• In a controlled experiment, only ONE variable is
  tested at a time.
• Manipulating variable is the variable that is
  deliberately changed. Also called the Independent
  variable.
• Responding variable is the variable that is
  observed and changes in response to manipulated
  variable. Also known as the dependent variable.

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DO NOW Question of the Day

• Answer the following Question
• A scientific theory is
• a. another word for hypothesis
• b. a well-tested explanation that unifies a broad
  range of observations
• c. same as the conclusion of an experiment
• d. the first step in a controlled experiment

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DO NOW ANSWERED

• A scientific theory is
• b. a well-tested explanation that unifies a broad
  range of observations

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AGENDA Sept 10

• Big Question What are the characteristics of
  living things?
• 1. DO NOW
• 2. Laboratory Safety
• 3. Section 1-3 Studying Life
• 4. Closing thoughts and homework
• 5. Lab Safety Quiz on Wednesday Sept 11

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Spontaneous Generation

• Idea that life could arise from nonliving matter
• Redis Experiment on Spontaneous Generation

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Redis Experiment

• Controlled Variables that remain the same
• Jars, type of meat, location, temperature
• Manipulated Variables
• Gauze covering the jars
• Responding Variables
• Whether maggots appear

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Spallanzanis Test

• Controlled Variables
• Type of flask, location, heat, chicken broth
• Manipulated Variables
• Cork used to stopper flask
• Responding Variables
• Presence of microorganisms in broth

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Reproducing Results
Spallanzanis Test
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AGENDA Sept 11

• Big Question What are the characteristics of
  living things?
• 1. Laboratory Safety Quiz
• 2. Scientific Method Worksheet
• 3. DO NOW
• 4. Section 1-3 Studying Life
• 5. Closing thoughts and homework
• 6. Complete Scientific Method Extension Handout

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Theory

• A well-tested explanation that unifies a broad
  range of observations.
• Make accurate predictions about new situations.

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1-3 STUDYING LIFE

• Are the following things alive?

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Characteristics of Living Things

• 1. Living things are made up of cells.
• A cell is a collection of living matter enclosed
  by a barrier that separates the cell from its
  surroundings.
• 2. Living things reproduce.
• Asexual reproduction new organism has a single
  parent.
• Sexual reproduction cells from two different
  parents unite to produce the first cell of a new
  organism

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• 3. Living things are based on a universal genetic
  code.
• DNA determines the genetic traits of every
  organism on Earth.
• 4. Living things grow and develop.
• Development is a process where cells divide to
  produce new organisms.
• Differentiation occurs as cells change shape
  structure to perform specialized functions.

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Characteristics of Living Things

• 5. Living things obtain and use materials and
  energy.
• Requires energy to grow, develop, and reproduce.
• Metabolism is combination of chemical reaction
  which build up or break down materials.
• 6. Living things respond to their environment.
• A stimulus is a signal to which an organism
  responds.
• External or Internal Stimuli

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Question of the Day Sept 12

• Which of the following is not a characteristic of
  life?
• A. Grow and reproduce
• B. Contain carbon
• C. Obtain energy
• D. Made of cells

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DO NOW Sept 12

• What biological process includes chemical
  reactions that break down materials?

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AGENDA Sept 12

• Big Question What are the characteristics of
  living things?
• 1. Question of the Day
• 2. DO NOW
• 3. Characteristics of living things
• 4. Bio terms
• 5. Levels of Organization
• 6. Closing Thoughts
• 7. Homework Sci Method Extension DUE Friday

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• 7. Living things maintain a stable internal
  environment.
• Most organisms keep fairly constant internal
  temperature and water content.
• Process called Homeostasis
• 8. Taken as a group, living things change over
  time.
• Organisms evolve or change over time.
• Occurs over thousands or millions of years.

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Level of Organization

• Living things can be studied at various levels.
• Molecules to Cells to Tissues to Organs
• Refer to Figure 1-21 Page 21

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The Metric System

• the universal system of measurement
• a decimal system based on certain standards and
  scaled on multiples of 10
• also known as the International System of Units,
  or SI

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Common Metric Units

• length
• the meter
• roughly equals 39.4 inches
• volume the amount of space an object occupies
• cubic centimeter for solids
• liter for liquids

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More Common Metric Units

• mass measure of the amount of matter in and
  object
• weight measure of the pull of gravity on that
  mass
• the kilogram
• approximately 2.2 pounds
• temperature
• uses the Celsius scale
• water freezes at 0C and boils at 100C

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1-3 Science Facts and Truth

• scientific knowledge is a constantly changing
  body of observation
• many scientific facts of the past are now known
  to be false
• science is a process
• an important goal in science is to be objective

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1-5 The Spaceship Called Earth

• no longer a planet without end
• we must protect our planet and preserve its
  living treasures
• Earth is like a spaceship with a living cargo,
  carrying limited amounts of supplies