CONCENTRATION CAMPS AND THEIR LIBERATION

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CONCENTRATION CAMPS AND THEIR LIBERATION

• "First they came for the Communists but I was not
  a Communist so I did not speak out
• Then they came for the Socialists and the Trade
  Unionists but I was not one of them, so I did not
  speak out
• Then they came for the Jews but I was not Jewish
  so I did not speak out.
• And when they came for me, there was no one left
  to speak out for me." Martin Niemoller,
  1892-1984

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ANTI SEMITISM

• Was created in 1879
• First used by Wilhelm Marr
• German agitator to explain the
• current anti-Jewish campaigns
• in Europe
• The hostility or prejudice
• against the Jewish race and
• ethnic group
• Extremism in Germany
• made by Hitler leads to . . .

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THE FINAL SOLUTION

• Plan to exterminate all of Jewish people
• Implemented in stages
• Nazis and Hitler rose to power
• State-enforced racism in Jewish legislation
• Boycotts
• Night of Broken Glass
• All leading to isolation of Jews

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1939 CAMPS
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CAMPS

• Auschwitz Poland (Monowitz, Birkenau)
• Dachau Munich, Germany
• Majdanek Lublin, Poland
• Buchenwald Weimar, Germany
• Belsen Celle, Germany

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DACHAU

• First camp to be created
• March 1933
• Empty munitions factory
• 10 miles west of Munic, Germany

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CAMP STRUCTURE
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• Auschwitz
• Largest camp established
• Broken down three camps
• Auschwitz I
• Concentration camp
• Auschwitz II
• Birkenau Killing Center
• Auschwitz III
• Monowitz Forced Labor camp
• 1.1 million Jews eliminated
• Other victums
• Christian Poles
• Roma Gypsies
• Soviet Prisoners of war

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DEPORTATIONS
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ENTERING CAMPS
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HOW?
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GAS CHAMBERS

• Gas vans
• Gas used
• Carbon Monoxide
• Zyklon B
• Tested on Gypsy children
• Delousing to control Typhus
• September 3, 1941 first killing 600 Soviet POWs
• Most deaths from Gas

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CREMETORIUMS

• Put in all camps
• Auschwitz camp
• Estimated killing capacity up to 340 every 24
  hours
• Normally dead first

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MEDICAL EXPIRAMENTS

• Three main groups
• 1) Tests aimed at easing survival of military
  personnel
• 2) Testing pharmaceuticals treating military and
  occupation personnel.
• 3) Advancing racial ideological tenets of Nazi
  worldview
• Other testing
• Sterilization experiments in Auschwitz and
  Ravensbrueck on unfit races

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ALL INVOLVED

• Hitler creator of Final Solution
• Dr. Josef Mengele experimented on prisoners
• Many SS officers killed and controlled Jewish
  and other prisoners
• U.S. troops liberated camps
• Soviet troops liberated camps

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NEWS OF LIBERATION

• News of the U.S. and Soviet troops moving forward
  set off alarm for Germans
• Began Death marches
• Destroyed crematories and gas chambers
• Prisoner riots began

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DEATH MARCH

• 1944-1945 Largest took place
• Nine days before reaching Auschwitz 60,000
  marched toward Wodzislaw then put onto trains
• One march consisted of 6,000 women 1,000 men
• 600 died
• The remainder were forced into the ocean and shot

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PUSHED FORWARD
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FINAL LIBERATION

• Camps liberated by Soviet Union
• Majdanek July 1944
• Belzec, Sobiber, Treblinka summer of 1944
• Auschwitz January 1945
• Stutthof
• Sachsenhausen
• Ravensbrueck

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LIBERATION contd

• Liberated by U.S.
• Dachau April 1945
• Buchenwald April 11, 1945
• Dora-Mittelbau April 1945
• Mauthausen May 1945
• Flossenbuerg

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AFTER LIBERATION

• No homes to go to
• Many died weeks after liberation from
  malnutrition
• Many had louse-borne Typhus fever and had to be
  treated
• Treated with doxycycline 200 for 24 hours
• Never could fully return to their lives before

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ESTIMATED NUMBER OF NON-COMBAT DEATHS

• Ukrainians 5.5-7 million
• Jews (all countries) 6 million
• Russian POWs 3.3 million
• Russian civilians 2 million
• Poles 3 million
• Gypsies 200 500 thousand
• Disabled 70 250 thousand
• Homosexuals tens of thousands

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CREDITS

• Page 1 picturegoogle images
• Page 2 cartoon...google images
• Page 3 picture..google images
• Page 4 map.............holocaust museum
• Page 5 map..holocaust museum
• Page 7 picture(1,2).google images
• Page 8 map................holocaust-history.o
  rg
• Page 9 picture (1,2)........google images
• Page 10 map..............holocaust museum
• Page 11 map.holocaust museum
• Page 13-17 pictures google images
• Page 22 map.holocaust museum
• Page 24 picture.google images
• Page 25 map.holocaust museum