Final Exam Study Guide

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Final Exam Study Guide

• Ms. Wishart Reading

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Vocabulary Words

1. Algae a type of plant with no stems or leaves
   that grows in the water or on wet things
2. Aptitude a talent for something
3. Autism a mental condition that makes it hard
   for a person to relate to others.
4. Barrier a limit, rule, or idea that keeps
   people from doing something
5. Boycott to show that you are against something
   by ignoring it or refusing to deal with it
6. Certified holding a paper that states you have
   been trained to do something
7. Creation something that is made
8. Culture the beliefs and ways of life of a
   certain group of people.
9. Digital made up of thousands of very small
   signals
10. Discrimination unfair treatment of someone
    because of race, age, or some other factor.

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Vocabulary Words

• Disorder a problem or illness
• Document a formal piece of writing
• Document - to make a record of something by
  writing about it or filming it
• Dominate to have power over someone or
  something
• Fabricate to make up
• Generation all the people who were born at
  about the same time
• Habitat a sealed place in which people can live
  and work
• Headdress something worn on a persons head for
  decoration
• Illustration a drawing that goes with written
  or spoken words
• Implement- a tool or other useful object

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Vocabulary Words

• Implement- to put a plan into effect
• License a paper or card that gives someone
  permission to do something
• License - freedom or liberty to act in a certain
  way
• Mythology a group of stories belonging to one
  culture and telling about their gods, heroes, and
  history
• Origin the beginning of something
• Peer someone of the same age and social class
• Peer to look carefully at something that is
  hard to see
• Persistent to continue doing something
  difficult
• Post to put up for people to see
• Post to score points in a game

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Vocabulary Words

• Procedure the correct way of doing something
• Prong a thin point at the end of something
• Realistic showing something as it really is
• Refurbish to make something cleaner, brighter,
  or more useful
• Regular usual or normal
• Robot a machine that can be programmed to do
  certain jobs
• Sonar a system that uses sound waves and echoes
  to find underwater objects
• Toxic poisonous
• Unwholesome- harmful to health
• Urban having to do with a city

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Words Parts
Prefix Base/Root Suffix Meaning Example
Dis-     To do the opposite of Disprove to prove the opposite
Non-     Not or without Nonsense without sense
Ir-     Not Irrational not rational
Il-     Not Illegal not legal
  Mit   To send Admit to send payment
In-     Not Invisible not visible
Im-     Not Not polite
    -ness The state or quality of Nervousness the state or being nervous
De-     To reverse, to get rid of or to get off of Derail to get off the rails
  Aud   Hear  
    -er A person who ____ Teacher a person who teaches
aqua Water Aquatic having to do with water
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Identifying the Main Idea W-I-N
W Who or what is the paragraph or section mostly about?
I What is the most important information about the who or what?
N Write the main idea in a small number of words.
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Stated Main Idea vs. Unstated Main Idea
Stated Main Idea Unstated Main Idea
A sentence in the paragraph that tells what the paragraph is about. The main idea is stated directly in the paragraph. You must use information from the paragraph to form your own statement of the main idea. The main idea is unstated.
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Infer and Inference

• When you figure something out, you infer, or make
  an inference. To make an inference, you combine
  information from the text with what you already
  know to come up with new information.
• Information from the text What I already know

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Questioning Strategy

• After we read a text, I ask you questions about
  the text.
• Good questions will include words such as who,
  what, where, when, why, and how.

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Pulling Together Questions

• Prediction-Matching
• How does the information in the text confirm our
  prediction?
• Summarizing
• What main points does the author want to get
  across?
• Connecting To Other Texts
• How are artificial photos similar to the articles
  in tabloids?

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Long vs. Short Vowels

• Directions Create the chart to your right and
  then fill it in using the following words. Which
  words have a short vowel sound? Which words have
  a long vowel sound?
• Bite
• Cake
• Cat
• Chute
• Gene
• Jump
• Sip
• Spot
• Test
• Woke

Map Cup Ten Vote Tube White Zip Tape Debate Job
Short Vowel Sound Long Vowel Sound
A
E
I
O
U
Hint difference between a long vowel sound
and a short vowel sound, is that long vowels
sound just like the letter name.
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Comparing and Contrasting

• What is comparing?

• What is contrasting?

• Comparing is telling how things are alike.
• Some words/phrases used to compare
• Like
• Just as
• Similar
• Both
• Also
• Too

• Contrasting is telling how things are different.
• Some words/phrases used to contrast
• Unlike
• Different
• But
• In contrast
• On the other hand

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Persuasive Texts

• In a persuasion text, an author tries to convince
  readers to take a certain action or to accept a
  certain way of thinking.
• Most persuasive texts contain 4 elements
• Opinion Statement
• Supporting Reasons and Details
• Counterargument
• Conclusion

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Opinion Statement

• An opinion statement states the authors opinion
  what he or she wants you, the reader, to think
  or do. An opinion is a belief based on feelings
  and knowledge about an issue. It cannot be
  absolutely proven, as a fact can be. An opinion
  statement often has the word should or believe
  which indicates that it is an opinion.

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Supporting Reasons

• A reason tells why the reader should agree with
  the authors opinion. Reasons often follow the
  word because.

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Details

• It is important to give reasons why someone
  should agree with your opinion statement. Simply
  stating a reason isnt enough to persuade
  someone. An author has to add to the reason by
  giving examples, details, or other information.

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Counterargument

• The author of a persuasive text often will
  include opinions that go against his or her own
  opinion. He or she will state these opinions in
  order to argue against them. When the writer
  tells why an opposing idea is not true and why
  his or her own idea is better, the writer is
  presenting a counterargument. Counterarguments
  serve 2 purposes
• They show that the writer is aware of other,
  different opinions
• They drain the power from opponents arguments

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Conclusion

• In a conclusion, the writer summarizes his or her
  argument and tries to make a strong, lasting
  impression on the reader. Author can do this in
  different ways
• Restate the opinion
• Restate reasons
• Give new or startling information
• Provide quotation from someone respected or famous

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Abbreviations

• Sometimes, when a word or phrase is used
  frequently, people abbreviate it to make it
  easier to use.
• One way to abbreviate a word is to shorten it.
  For example ad.
• ad advertisement
• What other abbreviations are a shortened form of
  a longer word?
• Mac and fridge
• What do they stand for?
• Mac Macintosh
• fridge refrigerator

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Abbreviations

• Another way to create an abbreviation is to use
  the first letter of each word in a phrase. For
  example IM. What two words do the letters I and
  M stand for?
• Instant message
• These kinds of abbreviations are called acronyms.
• 1. What other phrases are acronyms?
• BTW, scuba, A/C, and USA
• 2. What does each stand for?
• BTW By The Way
• SCUBA Self-Contained Underwater Breathing
  Apparatus
• A/C Air Conditioning
• USA United State of America