Foreigners

1
Foreigners

• Emily Kilpatrick and Alexander Volpi
• Intro to Shakespeare

2
John Hawkins
English ship builder, naval administrator, and
commander Introduced tobacco to England Fought
the Armada Set up English slave trade September
16, 1567 Lade load negroes in Guinea and sell
them in the West Indies in truck of in exchange
for gold, pearls and emeralds
http//image.absoluteastronomy.com/images/encyclop
ediaimages/j/jo/john_hawkins.jpg
3
Blackamoors and Lascars
Blackamoor Dark skinned Lascar
Sailor/militiaman from South Asia on European
ships Fashionable for gentlewomen to have black
servents Employees, not slaves Queen
Elizabeths proclamation to send blackamoors out
of London Never strictly enforced Preserved
fair skin Shakespeare Went against concept and
made Othello black - No political correctness
http//www.google.com/imgres?q16thcenturylondon
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dINwm1EAEJBljFMimgrefurlhttp//www.silsilaprod
uctions.co.uk/The2520Lascar2520Project.htmldoci
dqSBYaidUcsGl3Mw523h378eiuNp_TvzhLMqutwedrZ
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http//www.google.com/imgres?qothelloum1hlen
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grefurlhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Othellodocid
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4
Tourists
Elizabeths London by Liza Picard
English blamed infections/diseases on
tourists French blamed for French Pox Taken
advantage of by guards/guides Phrase books
translations from English to Flemish, German,
Latin, Italian, Spanish and French
5
Immigrants
Most from Holland, Belgium, northern France and
northern Germany England Tolerably safe for
Popes protestors Did most of the toilsome,
difficult and skillful works Prosperous Jacob
Verselyn Left Murano and revolutionized glass
production in England (Soda-ash from
seaweed) Queens grocer Spaniard Returned to
native country when hostility lessened (French in
particular)
http//www.reformation.org/bart.jpg
6
Immigrants (continued)
Citizens complain about foreign merchants and
craftsmen Foreigners breaking the law took
up fairest houses in the city, and subdivded
them or took in illegal lodgers Did not increase
Englands wealth England wanted foreigners to
teach citizens lagging in new-market
opportunities Tortured if necessary to know
where they came from - no results
http//www.the-peoples-forum.com/images/medieval_w
ater_torture.jpg
7
The 1593 Return of Strangers
Sophisticated census -How many foreigners
reside? -What nation, profession, origin? -How
many servants? -How long living there? -What
church they attend? -Employ English people? -Sell
prohibited wares? Foreigners must hire as many
English people as fellow strangers Seemed to
abide 1593 Return -Total 7,013 -Strangers
4,570 (born abroad) -Strangers 2,443 (born in
England)
http//www.britannia.com/history/images/londonmap.
jpg
8
Naturalisation, Tax and Other Penalties, Social
Organisation

• Emily Kilpatrick

9
Naturalisation

• Foreigners could become English citizens. . .for
  a price
• 2 ways to become a citizen buy a Patent of
  Denization from the Crown (very expensive), or
  get Parliament to grant you citizenship, which
  cost more money.

http//www.google.com/search?hlenqElizabethanp
arilamentnfpr1bavon.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.biw1033b
ih576um1ieUTF-8tbmischsourceogsaNtabw
i
10

• Through Elizabeths reign, only 1,762 patents
  granted and only 12 acts passed.
• Most foreigners did not bother trying to become a
  citizen
• Sir Horace Pallavicino became citizen in 1585 so
  Elizabeth could knight him in 1587
• Biggest advantage of denizen status was that
  holder could buy land and leave it to children,
  and they could also join a livery company

http//itunes.apple.com/us/book/citizenship-papers
/id426373611?mt11
11
Tax and Other Penalties

• Aliens paid at least two times more than native
  Londoners whether they had been granted
  citizenship or not
• Hanseatic merchants allowed to live in a
  self-contained community with unique trading
  concessions since the twelfth century
• By the 16th century their main trade to London
  was timber, cordage, and grain from north Germany
  and the Baltic.

http//www.purcellmountainfarms.com/Brown20Teff2
0Grain.htm
http//www.google.com/search?hlensugexppfwccp
26gs_id4nxhrtqEnlgishcitizenshippapersgs_
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pw.fp52702837b783598bbiw1033bih576
http//www.strathamnh.gov/Pages/StrathamNH_Assessi
ng/timber
12

• 1551, native merchants had brought privileges to
  an end
• Continued to stay at Steelyard and other
  properties without paying taxes until 1578.
• Had to leave country in 1598
• Their complaints brought about standardized
  weight system for trading in 1582

http//www.google.com/search?hlensugexppfwccp
26gs_id4nxhrtqEnlgishcitizenshippapersgs_
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.fp52702837b783598bbiw1033bih576
13

• Aliens not allowed to have open shops window(s)
  had to be covered with a lattice.
• By 1587 allowed to take down lattices, but could
  not display items for sale
• Not allowed to take apprentices

http//www.history.org/kids/visitUs/colonialPeople
/apprentice.cfm
http//www.pl.all.biz/en/g29173/
14
Social Organisation

• Belonged to one of 2 churches
• 1 Dutch church that was once Catholic
• Community increased under Elizabeths rule from
  700 communicates in 2 years after church reopened
  in 1561 to nearly 2,000 in 1568.
• 2 French took over St. Anthonys Church.
• Fewer members 1,800 in 1568
• French had higher social standing, Dutch had
  lower social standing
• 1592 Flemish workers had over 1,000 English
  workers and Dutch church complained of harassment
• Native Londoners attended parish churches
  scattered through the city

15
Social Organisation (Contd)

• In 1570s Privy Council made existing voluntary
  arrangements for immigrant communities to settle
  somewhere besides London
• Foreigners churches had admirable government
  anyone applying to be part of church had to prove
  he had lived a good life.
• Anyone not belonging to a church after 1573
  risked banishment

http//www.essexwalks.com/walks/woodham_walter.htm
lpagepage-3
16

• Both churches run by council of 8 elders (12
  after 1571) that kept members under tight control
• Couple wanting to marry had to go through strict
  rules
• If opted to marry in an English parish, could not
  return to French church
• Once married, adultery not taken seriously
• Church members expected to avoid any appearance
  of naughtiness
• Dancing looked up on as a sin

http//www.worcestercathedral.co.uk/index.php?prS
tarstuck_Events
17

• Foreign churches looked after their own
• If someone was sick, elders checked on them
  elders also helped with wills, advice, and loans
• Also had lawyers (arbitrators) to settle
  commercial disputes between members
• Medical care could be arranged- during plague of
  1563, Dutch appointed a surgeon to tend to sick
• Both churches had fund-raisers, most
  contributions came from sympathetic English people

http//www.practical-fundraising.com/Church_Fundra
ising.html