RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

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Highlights of IH Programs and OSHA
Standards
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INTRODUCTION

• Hazard Communication
• Hearing Conservation
• Personal Protective Equipment
• Respiratory Protection
• Heat Stress
• Cold Stress
• Confined Spaces
• Ergonomics
• Radiation

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INTRODUCTION

• You should already be very familiar with the
  specific requirements of the OSHA standards.
• This presentation highlights programs as they
  relate to potential employee exposures to
  environmental stressors.
• It does not cover all aspects of each standard.

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HAZARD COMUNICATION
The OSHA Standard was written to ensure that
employers and employees know about work hazards
and how to protect themselves so that the
incidence of illnesses and injuries due to
hazardous chemicals is reduced.
Hazard Communication Program
Container Labeling
Material Safety Data Sheet
MSDS
Program
Label
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HAZARD COMUNICATION

• How can workplace exposures be minimized?
• Perform a thorough hazard assessment
• Be informed about the hazards of the chemicals
  you use
• This information is obtained from MSDSs and
  labels
• Communication of hazards to others in area
• Hazards
• Detecting exposures, symptoms
• Protective measures

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HAZARD COMUNICATION

• Ensure containers are labeled properly.
• Each container of hazardous chemicals must be
  labeled or marked with
• Identity of the chemical
• Appropriate hazard warnings
• Name and address of the responsible party

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HAZARD COMUNICATION

• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
• Prepared by the chemical manufacturer or importer
  describes
• Physical hazards, such as fire and explosion
• Health hazards, such as signs of exposure
• Routes of exposure
• Precautions for safe handling and use
• Emergency and first-aid procedures
• Control measures

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HAZARD COMUNICATION

• MSDS provides information about the
• Physical and chemical characteristics
• Health effects
• Exposure limits
• Carcinogenicity (cancer-causing)
• Identification (name, address, and telephone
  number) of the organization responsible for
  preparing the sheet
• Must be readily accessible to employees in their
  work area

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HEARING CONSERVATION
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HEARING CONSERVATION
When noise exposures equal or exceed 85 dBA (as
an 8-hour TWA), a hearing conservation program
must be implemented.
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HEARING CONSERVATION

• Types of Hearing Loss
• Conductive
• Sensorineural

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HEARING CONSERVATION

• Conductive
• Not caused by noise exposure
• Disorder in the external or middle ear that
  prevents sound from reaching the inner ear
• e.g. wax in ear, infection, etc.
• Inner ear intact
• Non-occupational
• Reversible

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HEARING CONSERVATION

• Sensorineural
• Poor transmission of sound by bone or nerve
  pathways
• Damage to the cochlea and/or auditory nerve
• Deep structures of the ear are damaged
• Induced by occupational noise
• Not reversible

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HEARING CONSERVATION
There are two sound measuring instruments
typically used for noise monitoring.
Area Sampling
Personal Sampling
Sound Level Meters
Noise Dosimeters
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RESTRICTED AREAS
Tool Noise level will probably exceed
Air gun 108
Air hammer 110
Air track drill 110
Asphalt grinder 111
Backhoe 85
Belt sander 90
Bored piledriver using auger (at 15 m)- the acoustical conditions of measurement were not reported 81
Brick saw 94
Bulldozer 87
Chipper, pneumatic 100
Chipping gun 96
Chopsaw 92
Circular saw 88
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HEARING PROTECTION

• Earmuffs

• Ear Plugs

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HEARING PROTECTION

• Noise Reduction Rating (NRR)
• A rating that is assigned to specific personal
  hearing protection that gives an estimated
  reduction when the protection is worn properly.
• Only valid if HP worn correctly

NO
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HEARING PROTECTION
There are four methods for determining the
adequacy of hearing protection. The most common
is
Manufacturers Noise Reduction Rating 25 dBA
Employees Exposure 100 dBA (8-hour TWA)
Will not work
Attenuation 100 dBA - (25 dBA - 7dBA)/2 91 dBA
Attenuation calculated using OSHA method
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

• Basic Principles
• Must protect response personnel from exposure
• Must know what chemicals are involved in exposure
• Must know general concentration of exposure
• Must select appropriate PPE materials
• Must know limitations

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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

• Selection and Use
• Prepare ahead of time!
• There is not one material that protects against
  all chemicals!
• Protect eyes, head, face, hands, body, feet

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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

• Consider performance requirements when selecting
• Aging resistance
• Chemical resistance
• Cleanability
• Color
• Comfort
• Durability

• Flexibility
• Strength
• Size
• Service Life
• Thermal Limits

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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

• Chemical Resistance
• Permeation
• Degradation
• Penetration

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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

• Permeation
• Diffusion of chemicals through intact material

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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

• Degradation
• A loss or change in one or more physical
  properties of a protective clothing material due
  to contact with a chemical
• A chemical process

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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

• Penetration
• The flow of a chemical through closures, porous
  materials, seams and pinholes or other
  imperfections in a protective clothing material
  on a non-molecular level
• A physical process

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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

• Must know the type of chemical you are up
  against, as chemicals will break through
  incompatible materials.
• Breakthrough times (min.) are the times observed
  from the start of the test to first detection of
  the chemical on the other side of the sample
  material.