Title: What Makes Us Civilized?
1What Makes Us Civilized?
2P.
3P. E.
- Political Organization
- Economy
4P. E. R.
- Political Organization
- Economy
- Religion
5P. E. R. S.
- Political Organization
- Economy
- Religion
- Society/Social Classes
6P. E. R. S. I.
- Political Organization
- Economy
- Religion
- Society/Social Classes
- Innovations/Technology
7P. E. R. S. I. A.
- Political Organization
- Economy
- Religion
- Society/Social Classes
- Innovations/Technology
- Art/Architecture
8(No Transcript)
9MesopotamiaLand Between Two Rivers
10Crossroads of Three Continents
11MesopotamiaThe Fertile Crescent
- Floods unpredictable
- No natural barriers for defense
- Few natural resources except reeds
12Sumerians3000 BCE
13Sumerian Political Organization
- Priests with religious and power
- Success of crops
- irrigation
- Warrior kings
- Defense
- Dynasties
- City-statesUr
- Laws
- Taxes
- Public Works
- Ziggurats
- Walled cities
14Royal Standard of Ur
What does this reveal about Mesopotamian culture?
Found in the royal cemetery. Depicts scenes of
war and peace
15Economy
- Agriculture
- Catastrophic floods
- Irrigation
- Canals
- Date Palms, grains such as barley and wheat
- Trade
- Tradedgrain, cloth, crafted tools
- Receivedstone, wood, metal
16Mesopotamian TradeFrom Egypt to India
17Sumerian Cylinder Seals
- Carved in reverse to leave a negative image.
- Used as receipts and to show ownership.
18Religion
- Polytheistic
- Goddesses
- Afterlife
- Pessimistic
19Society
- Social Hierarchy
- Kings, ruling family and Priests
- Merchants, scribes, lesser priests
- Peasant farmers
- Slaves
- Captured in war
- Sold self into slavery to pay off debts
20Sumerian Scribes
Over 500 charactersrequired years of schooling
21Innovations
- Cuneiform
- Canals, dams, irrigation
- Mud bricked walls
- Wheeled vehicles, sail, plow??
- Number system based on 60
- Arches, columns, ramps
- Ziggurat
22CuneiformWedge Shaped Writing on Clay Tablets
Earliest form of writing
23Deciphering Cuneiform
24Metallurgy Skills
What is the significance that gold could not be
found within 200 miles of Mesopotamia?
25Art and Architecture
26Ziggurats
Tallest building in the city-state Grim view of
afterlife
27- Babylonian
- Hammurabi
- Law Code
28Hammurabis Code
STELE
29Hammurabi the Judge
Eye for an eye Why are written laws important?
30The Ancient Egyptians
These expensive projects were part of the reason
for the decline. Climatic disasters also led to
decreased grain supply
Slaves were not used to build these but rather
peasants who did so instead of paying taxes,
public works projects, or serving in the military
31Satellite photo of Nile River
Deserts, jungles, seas, and cataracts provided
natural barriers Rich, fertile soil SourceLake
Victoria to the south Optimistic outlook
Reliance on floods
32Nile RiverLongest River in the World
Lower
Upper
33Egypt The Gift of the Nile
- Canals built to connect Red Sea and Nile River
- 95 of the Egyptian people live on 5 of the land
Annual flooding of the Nile
34The Fertile Nile Valley
What can you tell about the Egyptians from the
picture?
35Irrigation
36MenesUnifier of Upper and Lower Egypt
3000 BCE 1st Pharaoh
37Ancient Egyptian Housing
Middle Class Housing
Peasant Homes
38Daily Life
39Social Hierarchy
Women could own property and succeed to the throne
40Pharoahs
Thutmose III
Amenhotep Akenaton 1370 BCE
Queen Hatshepsut 1480 BCE
41Akenaton First Monotheist?
Said he wasto sun god Priests unhappy Why?
42Tutankhamen
Ramses Last Pharaoh
43Archaeologist Howard Carter 1922
44Priestly Class
45Scribe
First scribes were priests
46Papyrus Paper
Hieratic Scroll Piece
Used to make rope, mats, sandals, baskets
47Champollion and the Rosetta Stone
- 1799French troops
- Stone commemorates visit of Greek
Ambassadorwritten in hieroglyphics, hieratic,
and Greek
48Hieroglyphics24 letters plus 700 phonetics
Literacy needed in the bureaucracy to keep the
records
49Gods and Goddesses
Osiris God of underworld
Isis
Horus
50Book of the DeadA collection of hymns as a guide
to the afterlife.
Anubis weighs heart against feather
51The Final Judgment Osiris, Anubis, Horus
52Trade RoutesNile, Canals to Red Sea, Overland
53Innovations
Medical texts
Hieroglyphics
Math based on units of ten
Astronomy
54HittitesBeginning of Iron Ageorigin in present
day Turkey
- 1900 BCE-1193 BCE
- Spoke wheeled chariots
- Iron Weapons
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56Early Civilizations of Ancient India
57The Harappan Civilization
3300 BCE - 2400 BCE
58Citadel of Mohenjo-Daro Grid layout
59Aerial View of Mohenjo-Daro
60Wide View, Mohenjo-Daro
61Main Street, Mohenjo-Daro
62pottery, Mohenjo-Daro
63Bison Seal, Mohenjo-Daro
64Necklace, Mohenjo-Daro
65Public Well, Harappa
66Unicorn Seal, Harappa
67Burial Pottery, Harappa
68Harappan Writing
Undecipherable to date.
69Chinas History
70Shang Dynasty1700-1027 BCE
Huang He River
71Oracle Bones
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73Zhou1028-771 BCE
74Mandate of Heaven The Zhou justified taking over
from the Shang by saying that they had lost
divine approval to rule
75Zhou Dynasty1029-258 BCE
- Leaders/Traits
- Walled cities
- Trade routes between cities
- Mandate of Heaven
- Feudalism
- Philosophy
- Daoism
- Laozi
- 500s BCE
- Confucianism
- Mencius
- Analects
- Chaotic government
- 522 BCE