Organizing Your Speech

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Organizing Your Speech

• Chapter 11

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Organizing Your Speech

• Organizing your main ideas
• There are five organization patterns often used
• Chronological
• Organization by time from earliest to most recent
  or opposite
• Past -gt Present or Present -gt Past
• How-To Speeches
• Sequence or series of steps

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Organizing Your Speech

• Chronological sequence
• Points are ordered based on linear time
• First to last -gt last to first
• Example 1
• Making a cake
• 1 first step is to mix ingredients
• 2 second step is to bake the cake
• 3 third step is to decorate the cake
• Example 2
• Topic viewed over time Baseball
• 1 invented as simple game
• 2 had a period called "glory days"
• 3 became a high profit business
• Also Past Present Future

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Organizing Your Speech

• Use logical sequencing when ordering speeches
• Make sure that what you say makes sense to the
  audience
• Example 1
• How a car engine works
• 1 The engine burns the fuel
• 2 The exhaust system vents the engine
• 3 The ignition system starts the car

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Organizing Your Speech

• Topical
• Used when there are natural division in your
  central idea
• Main points can be covered in any order
• Points are independent of each other
• Controversial topics
• Want to think about placement of points in this
  situation
• Complex topics
• Consider putting simplest points first

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Organizing Your Speech

• Example 2 of logical sequencing
• When information has no clear logical order to
  follow
• Get audience involved, but save the best for last
• 1 Second most interesting point
• This will pique their interest and get them
  listening
• 2 Least interesting point
• You already got them so they might slip away a
  little (but their still there)
• 3 Most interesting point
• You bring them back all the way and go out with a
  bang

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Organizing Your Speech

• When you are discussing a controversial topic
• How do I keep my audience from disconnecting from
  the beginning?
• Important when audience may be hostile
• Death Penalty, Abortion, Gun Control
• 1 The point audience will agree with most
• Audience Let me see what this speakers talking
  about
• Get them listening, even if your not really with
  them
• 2 The point audience will agree with somewhat
• Audience Hey buddy, I dont know if I like where
  this is going
• Their still listening but maybe more critically
• 3 The most controversial point
• Audience I dont agree with what youre saying
  Im not listening anymore
• Too late, that was my last point, your done
  listening, well Im done talking

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Organizing Your Speech

• Organizing your main ideas
• Spatial Organization
• Points are arranged based on their location or
  direction
• Near to far or East to West
• Can be used to discuss a place or object
• State or Country
• Can be discussed basing main points on landmarks
• Earth
• Main points can be layers of the earth
• Giving directions
• Using landmarks to guide person

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The Body of your speech

• Spatial Sequence
• Points are ordered based on physical location
• East/West, top to bottom, left to right
• Example Earths layers
• 1 the core of the earth is in the center of the
  sphere
• 2 The earths mantle is the next layer outward
  from the center
• 3 The crust of the earth is on the outside of
  the sphere
• Geographical pattern helps audience see movement
  from point to point

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Organizing Your Speech

• Organizing your main ideas
• Causal Organization
• Used to identify a situation then discuss the
  effect that results
• Cause -gt Effect
• Or opposite Effect -gt Cause
• Toxic emissions harm the environment
• Cause Toxic Emissions
• Effect Air Pollution
• Effect Damaged Ozone

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Organizing Your Speech

• Organizing your main ideas
• Problem / Solution
• Organization that shows how to best solve an
  existing problem
• Problem There has been an increase in crime on
  campus
• Solution More emergency phones for students
• Solution Security escorts at night
• Solution Security cameras on campus

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Organizing Your Speech

• Subdividing your main ideas
• After deciding organization pattern
• Identify supporting points for main ideas
• I . The county fair has many activities for
  visitors
• There are a variety of games to win prizes
• Ball toss.
• Shooting baskets
• The many rides will give you hours of fun
• The huge Ferris wheel
• The merry go round

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Organizing Your Speech

• Integrating your supporting material
• Once main points and subpoints are organized
• Incorporate content from supporting material
• Word-processing files
• If you are typing out your speech plan/outline
• Print out sources
• Identify what points information supports
• Incorporate the support in your outline to
  strengthen speech
• Photocopies
• If supporting material is photocopied
• Type information into the speech outline as you
  develop it

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Organizing Your Speech

• Integrating your supporting material
• Note Cards
• If you are developing your speech using note
  cards
• Write main points and subpoints
• with necessary details on notecards
• If main point or subpoint uses info from sources
• Write source info on notecard
• Place it behind the point it supports

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Organizing Your Speech

• Developing signposts
• Transitions, Previews Summaries
• Transitions
• Verbal or Non-verbal movement from one point to
  the next
• Verbal Transitions
• In addition to, also more examples (Pg 104)
• Avoid signaling the end of the speech
• Saying In conclusion or Finally
• Will incite audience to stop listening

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Introductions, Conclusions Transitions

• Transitions and signposts
• Transitions
• Phrases used to connect the major parts of your
  speech together
• Where do you put them?
• Intro -gt 1st main point
• 1st main point -gt 2nd main point
• 2nd main point -gt 3rd main point
• 3rd main point -gt conclusion
• Simple transitions
• Introduce whats coming
• Summary transitions
• Review previous point
• Carry into next point

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Organizing Your Speech

• Previews
• Initial previews
• Preview of points used in introduction
• Internal Previews
• Previewing some of the upcoming support for main
  point claims
• Now that I have discussed some of the plant
  life, lets take a look at animals that reside
  there
• Questions as previews
• Identifying upcoming points using a question
• Now that we know some of the reasons for
  increased crime on campus What can we do to solve
  this problem"

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Organizing Your Speech

• Summaries
• Final Summary
• Occurs just before the end of the speech
• Summarize main points prior to closing statement
• Today I have discussed the wildlife, activities,
  nature sights at Yosemite National Park
• Internal Summary
• Statements that sum up the information covered to
  support a main point
• "Now that I have shared with you the plantlife
  and animals in YNP, letts take a look at some of
  the activities for visitors"