Section 1 Objectives

1
Section 1 Objectives

1. Summarize the methods African nations used to
   gain independence
2. Compare the nationalist movements in France and
   Belgian colonies with those in British colonies

2
African nations achieved independence after
WWIISection 1 (pgs. 807-813)

• Independence came quickly to the nations of
  Sub-Saharan Africa
• Most nations achieved peace peacefully
• Some did not instead there was war and violence
• South Africa and Apartheid caused considerable
  unrest and sparked international protest

3
Section 2 Objectives

1. Review the common problems African nations faced
2. Discuss how the superpower rivalries between the
   United States and the Soviet Union affected
   African nationalism
3. Describe the revival of African culture

4
The new African nations faced various problems
Section 2 (pgs. 813-820)

• The most pressing need for the new African
  nations were developing a sense of national unity
  
• In Nigeria a civil war broke out between Biafra
  and the central government
• Intervention by foreigners complicated the
  development of national unity
• Economic uncertainty also plagued the new nations
  
• Despite these problems the people of Africa made
  great strides toward a cultural awakening

5
Section 3 Objectives

1. Compare the nationalist movements of Iran,
   Turkey, Egypt, Israel and Algeria
2. Outline the cause and effects of the Suez crisis

6
The nations of the Middle East won their
Independence Section 3 (pgs. 816- 820

• After WWII, Iran eliminated Soviet and British
  influence
• Turkey resisted Soviet pressures
• The republic of Israel was proclaimed in 1948
• Israel defeated the Arabs in a war that followed
• Algeria gained independence from France in 1962
• In 1965 Nassers Egypt seized the Suez Canal,
  Great Britain, France and Israel invaded but
  later withdrew

7
Section 4 objectives

1. Review how the Middle Eastern problems of
   Israels existence and Palestinian rights
   affected OPECs relationship with the western
   world
2. List the reasons for and effects of Iranian
   revolution

8
Wars, oil, and revolution changed the Middle
East Section 4 (pgs. 820-825)

• In the Six-day War (1967), Israel defeated the
  Arabs and gained territory
• After a 4th war between the 2, there was an
  intense effort to achieve peace in the Middle
  east
• Negotiation between Egypt and Israel led to
  signing a peace treaty in 1979
• The formation of OPEC gave oil producing nations
  economic power and bargaining strength
• In Iran, revolutionaries overthrew the shah and
  established an Islamic Republic
• Relations with the US were strained when Iranian
  militants seized American hostages in 1979
• An international slump in oil prices in the 1980s
  created economic problems for OPEC nations

9
Section 5 objectives

1. Summarize how modernization and industrialization
   in the Middle East have conflicted with
   traditions in the region

10
A struggle between old and new ways plagued the
Middle East Section 5 (pgs. 825-827)

• Political and economic transformation brought
  great social change to the Middle East
• A dramatic rise in population
• The large number of young people increased the
  need for schools and teachers
• In general Middle eastern societies continued to
  be male dominated
• Improvements in womens status were made after
  1945
• A reaction to this rapid modernization was to
  turn to Islamic fundamentalism