Biology and You

1
Biology and You

• Chapter 1

2
Objectives

• Relate the seven properties of life to a living
  organism
• Describe seven themes that can help you organize
  what you learn about biology
• Identify the tiny structures that make up all
  living organisms
• Differentiate between reproduction and heredity
  and between metabolism and homeostasis

3
Key Terms

• Biology
• Cell
• Reproduction
• Metabolism
• Homeostasis
• Gene

• Heredity
• Mutation
• Evolution
• Species
• Natural Selection
• Ecology

4
Biology

• Biology is the study of life

5
What Does it Mean to be Alive?
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What does it mean to be alive?

• Life is characterized by the presence of all
  seven properties at some stage in an organism's
  life.

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Seven Properties of Life

• Cellular organization
• Reproduction
• Metabolism
• Homeostasis

• Heredity
• Responsiveness
• Growth Development

8
Unifying Themes of Biology

• Chapter 1 Section 1

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Cellular Structure Function

• All living things are made of one or more cells
• A cell is the smallest unit capable of all life
  functions

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Reproduction

• All living things can reproduce
• Reproduction is the process by which organisms
  make more of their own kind

11
Metabolism

• All living things use energy to grow, to move,
  to process information
• Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions
  carried out in an organism

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Homeostasis

• All living organisms must maintain a stable
  internal environment in order to function
  properly
• Homeostasis is the maintenance of stable internal
  conditions in spite of changes in the external
  environment

13
Heredity

• All living things are able to pass on traits to
  their offspring through genes that are passed
  from parent to offspring each generation
• Heredity is the reason children tend to resemble
  their parents

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Evolution

• Change in the inherited characteristics of
  species over generations

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Interdependence

• The organisms in a biological community live
  interact with other organisms
• Ecology is the branch of biology that studies the
  interaction of organisms with one another with
  the non living part of their environment

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Review

• What are the 7 properties that all living
  organisms share?
• What are the tiny structures that make up all
  living things?
• What are the unifying themes of biology?
• Define homeostasis metabolism describe their
  differences.

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Biology in Your World

• Chapter 1 Section 2

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Think About It

• In groups of 4
• List five issues in the area of Biology that you
  believe are important in the world today.
• What is being done to solve or better the issues
• Describe the steps you think might be involved in
  a scientific investigation

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Scientific Processes

• Chapter 1 Section 3

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Objectives

• Describe the stages common to scientific
  investigations
• Distinguish between forming a hypothesis making
  a prediction
• Differentiate a control group an independent
  variable from a dependant variable

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Key Terms

• Observation
• Hypothesis
• Prediction
• Experiment

• Control group
• Independent variable
• Dependent variable
• Theory

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Stages of Scientific Investigations

• Observation is the act of noting or perceiving
  objects or events using the senses.
• See, hear, taste, smell, touch
• Inference is a statement that explains the
  observation.
• logical conclusions from premises known or
  assumed to be true

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Inferences vs. Observations

• Worksheet

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Stages of Scientific Investigations

• Hypothesis is an explanation that might be true
  a statement that can be tested by additional
  observations or experimentation.
• Educated guess

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Stages of Scientific Investigations

• Prediction is the expected outcome of a test,
  assuming the hypothesis is correct.
• Experiment is a planned procedure to test a
  hypothesis

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Structure of an Experiment

• Control Group is a group in an experiment that
  receives no experimental treatment
• Independent Variable is changed in an experiment
• Dependent Variable is measured in an experiment

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Scientific Explanations

• Theory is a set of related hypotheses that have
  been tested confirmed many times by many
  scientists
• Unites explains a broad range of observations.

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Review of the Scientific Process