Biochemistry Part IV

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Biochemistry Part IV

• Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic Acids

• Largest organic molecule made by organisms
• Include 2 main types
• DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid
• RNA Ribonucleic Acid

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DNA

• Contains an organisms genetic information
• Nucleic acid arranged in nucleotides
• A nitrogen base (next page)
• A 5-carbon sugar called deoxyribose
• Deoxyribose has one less oxygen than
• ribose sugar (discussed later)
• A phosphate group

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DNA

• Nitrogenous Bases
• Adenine
• Guanine
• Cytosine
• Thymine

Purines have a double ring structure
Purines
Pyrimidines have a single ring structure
Pyrimidines
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DNA Structure
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The sequence of bases is the code which
determines what proteins the organisms cellular
machinery will build
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RNA

• Similar to DNA with the following exceptions
  (differences)
• The sugar is a ribose sugar not a deoxyribose
  sugar (has an extra oxygen)
• There are no Ts (thymine bases) in RNA, they are
  instead replaced by Us (uracil bases)
• RNA is usually single stranded and does NOT form
  a double helix like DNA

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DNA RNA

• DNA interacts with RNA to build proteins
• DNA is the original recipe for proteins
• RNA acts as a messenger of that recipe and to
  help assemble proteins
• This interaction is called gene expression

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Website Animations

• http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/genome/dna.html
• http//www.johnkyrk.com/DNAanatomy.html