h

1
????
hànyu pinyin
2
????(part 1)??(vowels)
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????(part 2)??(conconants)
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??????????whole syllables
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24???24 vowels
6?
9?
9?
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6????(single vowels)
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(No Transcript)
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How to pronounce a

• ???,???,?????????,?????????
• Open your mouth wide, with your tongue in the
  middle in a low position the lips are naturally
  opened.

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??(tone)

• ??(?????)first tone ? ma
• ??(?????)second tone? má
• ??(?????)third tone ? ma
• ??(?????)fourth tone? mà
• ??short tone? ma
• No tone means short tone, the tone changes with
  the former tone.

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??
??
??
??
??
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?????(five step mark)
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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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??(consonants)
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(No Transcript)
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• ?? bà ba
• ?? ma ma
• ?? fa dá
• ?? fa yá
• ??fa ma
• ??da fa

• ?? da chà
• ?? dà ma
• ?? dà shà
• ?? na pà
• ?? la ba
• ?? sha fa
• ?? tala

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(No Transcript)
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How to pronounce o

• ???,???,????,????,?????
• Half-close your mouth with the tongue in a
  half-high position draw back your tongue and
  make your lips round-shaped.

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• ? ? bó bo
• ? ? pó po
• ? ? mò mò
• ? ? bó ruò
• ? ? pò huò
• ? ? mó tuo
• ? ? mò luò

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??(consonants)
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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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How to pronounce e

• ???,??o????,??????,???????????
• After pronouncing "o", naturally open up your
  mouth and keep the tongue's position unchanged.

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practice

• ? ? dé le
• ? ? hé gé
• ? ? gè gè
• ? ? kè che
• ? ? tè sè
• ? ? gé hé
• ? ? gé rè

• ?? zhègè
• ?? shede

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(No Transcript)
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How to pronounce i

• ???,????,???????,??????,????????????,?????
• When pronoucing "i", the tongue is in the highest
  position, the mouth is slightly opened and the
  lips are flat-shaped. Stretch forward your
  tongue, put it against the back of the lower
  teeth and open up your lips.

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• ?? bí tì
• ?? bi jì
• ?? bi lì
• ?? mì mì
• ?? mi ni

• ?? dì li
• ?? ti lì
• ?? lì jí
• ?? lì ti
• ?? ji jí
• ?? jì yì

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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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How to pronounce u

• ???,????,???????,????,????,????????
• When pronoucing "u", the tongue is in the highest
  position and the mouth is slightly opened. Make
  your lips round-shaped, draw back your tongue and
  make the tongue root approach the soft palate.

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practice

• ?? bù rú
• ?? pù bù
• ?? fù mu
• ?? fú wù
• ?? fu fù
• ?? tu mù
• ?? lù tú

• ?? chu bù
• ?? chu rù
• ?? cu lu
• ?? zumu
• ??shurù
• ??sumù

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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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How to pronounce ü

• ???,??i??????????,?????????
• After pronoucing "i", just make your lips
  round-shaped to pronounce "ü", with the tongue
  position unchanged.

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When ü is after j q x y,we dont write the two
dots

• ?? jù ju
• ?? qu yù
• ?? qu ju
• ?? qù jù
• ?? xù qu

• ?? xú xú
• ?? yú jù
• ?? yu jù
• ?? lu ju
• ?? nu xu

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9????9compound vowels
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ai ái ai ài ei éi ei èi ui uí ui
uì
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w ai ? wai wai
w ei ? wei (??? ui ??) wei
b ai ? bai pai mai dai tai nai lai gai kai zhai chai shai zai cai sai
b ei ? bei pei mei fei dei nei gei zhei shei
g u ai ? guai kuai huai zhuai chuai shuai
h ui ? hui (ui u ei) dui tui gui kui zhui chui shui rui zui cui sui
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practice

• ??zàilái
• ??dàihuài
• ??kaihuái
• ??maimài
• ??beicui
• ??zhuihuí
• ??feilèi

• ??shuibei
• ??weizhui
• ??meitui
• ??zhuiwei
• ??lèishui
• ??zuìgui
• ??tuiwei

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ao áo ao ào ou óu ou òu iu iú iu iù
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y ao ? yao yao
y ou ? you (???iu ??) you
b ao ? bao pao mao dao tao nao lao gao kao hao zhao chao shao rao zao cao sao
b ou ? bou pou mou fou dou tou nou lou gou kou hou zhou chou shou rou zou cou sou
b i ao ? biao piao miao diao tiao niao liao jiao qiao xiao
m iu ? niu (iu i ou) diu niu liu jiu qiu xiu

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practice

• ?(láo)?(dao)
• ?(jiao)?(ào)
• ?(jiao)?(ráo)
• ?(yao)?(tiao)
• ?(máo)?(cao)
• ?(xiao)?(mao)
• ?(dou)?(sou)
• ?(yóu)?(tóu)

• ?(yóu)?(gòu)
• ?(dou)?(zou)
• ?(dòu)?(kòu)
• ?(liú)?(qiú)
• ?(diu)?(niú)
• ?(xiù)?(qiú)

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• ie ié ie iè
• üe üé üe üè
• er ér er èr

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• Ie ye ???ie ??
• Üe yue (???üe ??)
• b ie ? bie
• pie mie die tie nie lie jie qie xie
• n üe ? nüe
• lüe jue xue yue

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practice

• ?(die)?(die)
• ?(yè)?(yuè)
• ?(liè)?(tie)
• ?(niè)?(er)
• ?(da)?(liè)
• ?(yuè)?(er)
• ?(tie)?(xuè)

• ?(xuè)?(yè)
• ?(ju)?(liè)
• ?(tie)?(xié)
• ?(nu)?(ér)

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9????9 vowelsfollowed by a nasal consonant
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an án an àn en én en èn in ín in ìn
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y in yin (??? in ??)
w an ? wan wan
w en ? wen wen
b an ? ban pan man fan dan tan nan lan gan kan han zhan chan shan ran zan can san
b en ? ben pen men fen nen gen ken hen zhen chen shen ren zen cen sen
b in ? bin pin min nin lin jin qin xin
d u an ? duan tuan nuan luan guan kuan huan zhuan chuan shuan ruan zuan cuan suan
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• d - an ? dan
• t - an ? tan
• n - an ? nan
•  
• gu - an ? guan
• ku - an ? kuan
• hu - an ? huan

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• ju - an ? juan
• qu - an ? quan
• xu - an ? xuan
• yu - an ? yuan
• ??,ju qu xu yu ?? u ??? u ?? üjuan quan xuan
  yuan ? an ????? an,????? en ????

52
practice

• ??(biandan)
• ???(dàndànmiàn)
• ??(jiandan)
• ?(qian)?(dan)
• ??(zànhuan)
• ?(yán)?(zhàn)
• ??(chanluan)

• ??(dangan)
• ??(jianyàn)
• ?(kuan)?(yán)
• ??(yányán)
• ??(xianyàn)
• ?(luàn)?(kan)
• ??(fàndiàn)
• ??(dànfán)

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• zh - en ? zhen
• ch - en ? chen
• sh - en ? shen
• b - in ? bin
• p - in ? pin
• m - in ? min

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en and in practice

• ?(pin)?(yin)
• ?(bin)?(fen)
• ?(pín)?(mín)
• ?(lín)?(fén)
• ?(xìn)?(xin)
• ?(yin)?(xìn)
• ?(xin)?(jin)

• ?(gen)?(ben)
• ?(mén)?(shén)
• ?(fèn)?(mèn)
• ?(fen)?(fen)
• ?(hen)?(bèn)
• ?(fen)?(shén)

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• ian ián ian iàn
• üan üán üan üàn
• un ún un ùn
• un un un un

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ian yan ??? ian ??
un wen ??? un ??
y üan yuan ??? üan ??
y ün yun ??? ün ??
b ian ? bian pian mian dian tian nian lian jian qian xian
j üan ? juan quan xuan
d un ? dun tun lun gun kun hun zhun chun shun run zun cun sun
j un ? jun qun xun
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• ian ? yan
• üan ? yuan
• un ? wen
• ün ? yun

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• ? bian
• ? pian
• ? mián
• ? dian
• ? tian
• ? nián
• ? lián
• ? jian
• ? qian
• ? xian

•  üan
• ? juan
• ? quan
• ? xuan
• ? yuan

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• ?(lián)?(nián)
• ?(tian)?(qiàn)
• ?(tián)?(jian)
• ?(pian)?(pian)
• ?(dian)?(xián)
• ?(qian)?(nián)
• ?(xian)?(niàn)

• ?(juan)?(kuan)
• ?(xuan)?(chuán)
• ?(yuan)?(yuán)
• ?(quan)?(quan)

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• g - un ? gun
• c - un ? cun
• ch - un ? chun
• ? dun
• ? tun
• ? lùn
• ? gùn
• ? kùn

• ? hun
• ? zhun
• ? chun
• ? shùn
• ? rùn
• ? zun
• ? cun
• ? sun
• ? wen

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• j - ün ? jun
• q - ün ? qun
• x - ün ? xun
• ? jun
• ? qún
• ? xun
• ? yun

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• ?? in ?????,?? yin
• ?? un (? uen) ?????,?? wen
• ?? ün ?????,?? yun?

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practice

• ?(hùn)?(dùn)
• ?(hun)?(jun)
• ?(hun)?(yin)
• ?(kùn)?(dùn)
• ?(kun)?(lún)
• ?(wén)?(cún)
• ?(gun)?(gun)

• ?(jun)?(quán)
• ?(qun)?(xún)
• ?(péi)?(xùn)
• ?(jun)?(rén)
• ?(rén)?(qún)
• ?(jun)?(yún)

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• ang áng ang ang
• eng éng eng èng
• Ing íng ing ìng
• ong óng ong òng

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y ang yang
w ang wang
w eng weng
y ing ying
y ong yong
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b ang ? bang pang mang fang dang tang nang lang gang kang hang zhang chang shang rang zang cang sang
b eng ? beng peng meng feng deng teng neng leng geng keng heng zheng cheng sheng reng zeng ceng seng
b ing ? bing ping ming ding ting ning ling jing qing xing
d ong ? dong tong nong long gong kong hong zhong chong rong zongh cong song
n i ang ? niang liang jiang qiang xiang
g u ang ? guang kuang huang zhuang chuang shuang
j i ong ? jiong qiong xiong
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ang

• ?(fang)?(zhàng)
• ?(yáng)?(guang)
• ?(xiang)?(fang)
• ?(bang)?(qiang)
• ?(cháng)?(yáng)
• ?(chuang)?(shang)
• ?(wàng)?(xiang)
• ?(huáng)?(liáng)

• ?(liàng)?(qiàng)
• ?(cang)?(máng)
• ?(liáng)?(wáng)
• ?(qiáng)?(dàng)
• ?(huáng)?(niáng)
• ?(jiang)?(yáng)
• ?(wang)?(cháng)
• ?(yáng)?(guang)

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eng

• ?(feng)?(zheng)
• ?(gèng)?(leng)
• ?(meng)?(zeng)
• ?(geng)?(sheng)
• ?(cheng)?(néng)
• ?(meng)?(liè)

• ?(sheng)?(héng)
• ?(feng)?(shèng)
• ?(feng)?(sheng)
• ?(péng)?(chéng)
• ?(shèng)?(seng)
• ?(feng)?(néng)

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ing

• ?(ying)?(píng)
• ?(mìng)?(dìng)
• ?(ying)?(míng)
• ?(níng)?(jìng)
• ?(qing)?(ting)
• ?(jing)?(yíng)
• ?(míng)?(xing)

• ?(bing)?(ding)
• ?(ding)?(níng)
• ?(líng)?(ting)
• ?(qing)?(xìng)
• ?(xíng)?(xing)
• ?(míng)?(jìng)
• ?(dìng)?(xíng)

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ong

• ?(lóng)?(zhòng)
• ?(lóng)?(dong)
• ?(zhong)?(kòng)
• ?(cóng)?(zhòng)
• ?(gòng)?(tóng)
• ?(hóng)?(zhong)
• ?(zong)?(gòng)

• ?(zhong)?(tong)
• ?(chong)?(dòng)
• ?(gong)?(nóng)
• ?(long)?(tong)
• ?(zong)?(xióng)
• ?(gòng)?(fèng)
• ?(xiong)?(xiong)

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????(tone practice)

• ???? (zhong liú di zhù)
• ???? (jing nián lei yuè)
• ???? (guang míng lei luò)
• ???? (guan liáo zhu yì)
• ???? (jiào ku lián tian)
• ???? (kè gu míng xin)
• ???? (mò shou chéng gui)
• ???? (nì shui xíng zhou)

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• ????(guangmíngleiluò)
• ????(youróuguaduàn)
• ????(qilízisàn)
• ????(shanménghaishì)
• ????(denghóngjiulu)
• ????(feiyánzoubì)
• ????(fengtiáoyushùn)
• ????(qianchuíbailiàn)
• ????(shanqióngshuijìn)
• ????(xinhuáipocè)

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??????(practice of the first tone and the fourth
tone)

• ??? (can yì yuàn)
• ??? (bàn gong shì)
• ??? (bàn yuè kan)
• ??? (diàn shì ji)
• ??? (jì suàn ji)
• ??? (shàng xing qi)

• ???? (diàn huà huì yì)
• ???? (gè jiù gè wèi)
• ???? (gù dìng huì lu)
• ???? (duì zhèng xià yào)

74
??????(practice of the first tone and the fourth
tone)

• ???? (chi chi he he)
• ???? (sheng dong ji xi)
• ???? (ju an si wei)
• ???? (wa kong xin si)
• ???? (an jia lì yè)
• ???? (biao xin lì yì)
• ???? (bì gong bì jìng)
• ???? (xin hua nù fàng)

75
????(practice of no tone)

• ?? (ta de)
• ?? (xian sheng)
• ?? (shéi de)
• ?? (pó po)
• ?? (piào liang)
• ?? (kùn nan)

• ?? (wo de)
• ?? (yi zi)
• ?? (jie jie)
• ?? (lao lao)

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??????24???
77
  i i u u ü y
a ? ia i? ua u?  
o o   uo uo  
e ? ie i?   üe y?
ai a?   uai ua?  
ei e?   uei ue?  
ao ?? iao i??    
ou ?? iou i??    
an an ian iæn uan uan üan yæn
en ?n in in uen u?n ün yn
ang ?? iang i?? uang u??  
eng ?? ing i? ueng u??  
78
23???(23 consonants)
b p m f d t n l g k h j q x zh ch sh r z c s
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(No Transcript)
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ba bo bi bu
pa po pi pu
fa fo fu  

ba bá ba bà
ma má ma mà
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(No Transcript)
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• n - ü ? nü
• na ne ni
• l - u ? lu
• l - ü ? lü
• la le li

• d - e ? de
• da ti du
• t - e ? te
• ta ti tu
• n - u ? nu

83
Practice of N and L

• ?? nóng lín
• ?? nài láo
• ?? nu lì
• ?? nóng liè
• ?? nà liáng
• ?? nián lún

• ?? leng nuan
• ?? liú niàn
• ?? làn ní
• ?? ling nán
• ?? Liáo níng
• ?? Liè níng

84
(No Transcript)
85

• ga ka ha
• ge ke he
• gu ku hu
• g - u - a ? gua
• g - u - o ? guo
• kua hua kuan huan

86
Practice of H and K

• ?? hai kou
• ?? hán ku
• ?? háng kong
• ?? hào kè
• ?? hao kàn
• ?? hé ku

• ?? hé kuàng
• ?? hè ka
• ?? huáng kong
• ?? huí kòu
• ?? huì kuan
• ?? huì kè
• ?? huo keng

87
Practice of H and K

• ?? kai háng
• ?? kai hù
• ?? kai hua
• ?? kai huái
• ?? kàn hao
• ?? kan hù

• ?? kàng héng
• ?? kao hé
• ?? ke huàn
• ?? kè hù
• ?? kong hè
• ?? kuan hóng
• ?? kui hào

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(No Transcript)
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How to pronounce j

• ???,????????,??????,????,?????????????,?????????
• Move upward and forward the front part of your
  tongue surface and put it against the front hard
  palate, then hang down the tip of your tongue,
  make weaker breath break through the obstruction
  and form a narrow chink from which the breath
  will be squeezed out.

90
How to pronounce q

• ??????j????,?????????????
• The pronunciation method is more or less the same
  with "j", with stronger breath squeezed out of
  the chink.

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How to pronounce x

• ???,????????,??????,??????,????????????
• Move upward and forward the front part of your
  tongue surface and make it approach the front
  hard palate, with a narrow chink left pronounce
  with the breath squeezing out from the chink.

92

• j - i ? ji
• q - i ? qi
• x - i ? xi
• j - i - a ? jia
• q - i - a ? qia
• x - i - a ? xia

• j ü ? ju
• q ü ? qu
• x ü ? xu

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(No Transcript)
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How to pronounce z

• ???,??????,?????,?????????????,?????????
• Stretch forward the tip of your tongue and put it
  against the back of the upper teeth then make
  weaker breath break through the obstruction and
  form a narrow chink from which the breath will be
  squeezed out.

95
How to pronounce c

• ??????z????,??????????????
• The pronunciation method is more or less the same
  with "Z", with stronger breath squeezing out of
  the chink.

96
How to pronounce s

• ???,??????,?????,??????,????????????
• Stretch forward the tip of your tongue and make
  it approach the back of the upper teeth, with a
  narrow chink left pronounce with the breath
  squeezing out from the chink.

97
spell
zi zí zi zì za ze zu zuo ca ce cu cuo sa
se su suo
98
(No Transcript)
99
How to pronounce zh

• ???,??????????,?????????????,?????????
• Move upwards the tip of your tongue and put it
  against the front hard palate then make weaker
  breath break through the obstruction and form a
  narrow chink from which the breath will be
  squeezed out.

100
How to pronounce ch

• ??????zh????,??????????????
• The pronunciation method is more or less the same
  with "zh", with stronger breath squeezing out
  from the chink.

101
How to pronounce sh

• ???,??????????,??????,????????????
• Move upward the tip of your tongue and make it
  approach the front hard palate, with a narrow
  chink left pronounce with the breath squeezing
  out from the chink.

102
How to pronounce r

• ??????sh????,???????
• The pronunciation method is more or less the same
  as "sh" except for the vocal cords vibration.

103

• zh zhi ch chi sh shi
• zh - a ? zha
• zha zhe zhu zhua
• cha che chu chuo
• sha she shu shuo
• r - e ? re
• ru ruo

104
Practice of J and ZH
ji tiáo zhi tiáo
?? ? ?
jí dù zhì dù
? ? ? ?
ji xin zhi xin
? ? ? ?
zá jì zá zhì
? ? ? ?
sheng jí sheng zhí
? ? ? ?
zu ji zu zhi
? ? ? ?
bù jí bù zhí
? ? ? ?
105
Practice of Q and CH
qí zi chí zi
? ? ? ?
   
bái qi bái chi
? ? ? ?
106
Practice of X and SH
xi qì shi qì
? ? ? ?
xi sheng shi sheng
? ? ? ?
xi fàn shi fàn
? ? ? ?
xì cí shì cí
? ? ? ?
yù xí yù shí
? ? ? ?
107
Practice of Z and ZH
zhao zé ??
zhèng zài ??
zhi zé ??
zhì zào ??
zhì zuò ??
zhong zú ??
zhu zi ??

zhu zai ??
zhù zi ??
zhù zuò ??
zhua zi ??
zhuan àn ??
zhuang zài ??
zhuo zi ??
108
Practice of C and CH
chi cù ??
chi cun ??
chóu cuò ??
chu cáng shì ???
chu cáng ??
chu cún ??
chuai cè ??
chún cuì ??
cái chan ??
cai chang ??
cao chang ??
cí chang ??
cù chéng ??
cún che chù ???
cún chu ??
ci chù ??

109
Practice of S and SH
shàng si ??
shàng sù ??
shen si ??
shen sù ??
shen suo ??
shèn sè ??
shéng suo ??
shí suì ??
shí san ??
shí sì ??

san shí sì ???
san shí ??
san shè ??
sì shí ??
song shu ??
song shù ??
sù shè ??
sù shí ??
sù shuo ??
suàn shù ??
110
Practice of Z C S

• ?? ca zao ?? cai cè ?? cái si
• ?? cái zi ?? cai sè ?? cai sù
• ?? cai zé ?? cài sè ?? cài zi
• ?? can sài ?? can zàn ?? cen ci
• ?? cen cuò ?? cán sè ?? cán zuò
• ?? cán cún ?? cán sun ?? cán cù
• ?? cán si ?? cán zi ?? can si
• ?? cang cù ?? cang cù ?? cang sú

111
(No Transcript)
112

• yi yí yi yì
• wu wú wu wù
• yu yú yu yù
• ya yá ya yà
• wa wá wa wà
• wo wó wo wò

113
Syllable with Y and W

• yi ya ye yao you yan yin
  yang ying yong yu yue yuan yun
  wu
• wa wo wai wei wan wen wang
• weng

114
review
115
b p     d t     g k  
p p?     t t?     k k?  
    z ts   zh t? j t?    
    c ts?   ch t?? q t??    
               
m m     n n     ng ?  
      l l        
  f f s s   sh ? x ? h x  
        r ?      
116
These syllables are always read together
zhi chi shi ri zi ci si yi wu yu ye yue yin yun
yuan ying
117
(No Transcript)
118
practice

• ?(zì)?(chí)
• ?(shi)?(zi)
• ?(ci)?(rì)
• ?(shi)?(cí)
• ?(zhi)?(shi)
• ?(zhi)?(zhì)
• ?(si)?(zhi)
• ?(zhí)?(rì)

• ?(zhí)?(chi)
• ?(shou)?(zhi)
• ?(zhi)?(shì)
• ?(zhi)?(shì)
• ?(ci)?(zhì)
• ?(zhi)?(chí)
• ?(shi)?(zhì)

119
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120
practice

• ?(yi )?(dé)
• ?(yi )?(liàn)
• ?(mei)?(yì )
• ?(mei)?(yí )
• ?(mei )?(yì )
• ?(mei)?(yì )

• ?(wu)?(ti)?(tóu)?(dì)
• ?(wu)?(ma)?(fen)?(shi)
• ?(wu)?(lín)?(zhong)?(wài)
• ?(wu)?(xiá)?(xiao)?(shuo)
• ?(wú)?(duan)?(sheng)?(shì)

121
practice

• ?(lèi)?(rú)?(yu)?(xià)
• ?(yú)?(shui)?(zhi)?(qíng)
• ?(yu)?(huí)?(wan)?(zhuan)
• ?(bai)?(nián)?(yí)?(yù)
• ?(yè)?(gong)?(hào)?(lóng)
• ?(yè)?(yè)?(sheng)?(ge)
• ?(ye)?(huo)?(chun)?(feng)
• ?(yuè)?(míng)?(xing)?(xi)

122
practice

• ?(yin)?(xiao)?(shi)?(dà)
• ?(yún)?(kai)?(wù)?(sàn)
• ?(yuán)?(fèn)?(wèi)?(jìn)
• ?(ying)?(xióng)?(mò)?(lù)
• ?(yuàn)?(sheng)?(zài)?(dào)
• ?(yíng)?(yíng)?(gou)?(gou)
• ?(yuan)?(jia)?(lù)?(zhai)

123
review
124
??????
1????????
2? ? o e i u ü???,i u ü??????
3??ü?ü???,??j q x y????
125
????(the changing rules of third tone)

• 1.In a syllable, when the third tone is before
  the 1st, 2nd, 4th tone and short tone, only
  pronounce the first half. 214 becomes 21.
• wanshang laoshi changdì
• shuipíng lianmiàn huoji
• shengyáng zhanggao zhibei

126

• 2. In one syllable, when a 3rd tone is before a
  3rd tone, it becomes the 2nd tone.
• ?(gao)?(zhi)??gáozhi
• ?(zao)?(dian)??záodian
• ?(gu)?(zhang)??gúzhang
• nihao lingdao xilian guangchang
• shuijiao xianbai luoti jiuchang

127
????(the changing principle of ?)

• 1.When ? appears alone ,at the end, as a
  ordinal mumber, pronunciation is yi .
• ??????? yièrsansì
• ??? èrshíyi
• ?? yiban
• ??chuyi

128

• 2. when ? is before the 4th tone, its
  pronunciation becomes the 2nd tone yí.
• ?(yí )?(yàng)
• ?(yí )?(xià)?(zi)
• ?(yí )?(zuò)
• ?( yí )?(wèi)
• ?(yí )?(cì)
• ?(yí )?(kuài)?(er)

129

• 3.When ? is before the 1st, 2nd, 3rd tone, the
  pronunciation becomes the 4th tone yì
• ?(dà)?(chi)?(yì )?(jing)
• ?(yì )?(ban)
• ?(yì )?(nián)
• ?(yì )?(mén)
• ?(yì )?(kou)
• ?(yì )?(qi)
• ?(yì )?(zhong)

130

• 4.When ? is between two verbs and the two verbs
  are the same, it is pronounced as short tone.
• ?(shì)?(yi)?(shì)
• ?(xiang)?(yi)?(xiang)
• ?(kàn)?(yi)?(kàn)

131
????(the changing principle of ?)

• 1. when ? is single or before the 1st, 2nd,3rd
  tone, its pronunciation is the 4th tone bù.
• ?(bù) ?(bù)?(gao)
• ?(bù)?(zhi)?(dào) ?(bù)?(tóng)
• ?(bù)?(xí)?(guàn) ?(bù)?(mán)?(ni)?(shuo)
  
• ?(bù)?(shao) ?(bù)?(hao)
• ?(bù)?(man)?(yì)

132

• 2.When it is before the 4th tone, it is read as
  the 2nd tone bú .
• ?(bú)?(yào)
• ?(bú)?(cuò)
• ?(bú)?(shì)
• ?(bú)?(zài)
• ?(bù)?(rèn)?(shi)

133

• 3. When it is in the middle of a three word
  structure, it is read as a short tone.
• ?(qi)?(bu)?(lái)
• ?(shuo)?(bu)?(dìng)
• ?(yòng)?(bu)?(zháo)
• ?(chà)?(bu)?(duo)
• ?(deng)?(bu)?(jí)
• ?(néng)?(bu)?(néng)
• ?(huì)?(bu)?(huì)
• ?(guì)?(bu)?(guì)
• ?(rèn)?(shi)?(bu)?(rèn)?(shi)