WWI

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WWI
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Major Causes of WWI

• Imperialism- Most European Asian countries
  were looking to expand.
• Military Size- Most powerful countries were
  building their military in case of war, this made
  it more likely.
• Nationalism- Countries would act in their own
  self-interest. This could create tension and
  rival countries.
• Alliances- Agreements between countries to come
  to each others aid in time or war. This is why
  the war got so big, so quick.

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Europe 1914
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Actual Events that start WWI

• Austria-Hungry annexes Bosnia
• A group called the Black Hand wants to see Bosnia
  and Serbia join together.
• Black Hand starts to plan the assassination of
  heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne Francz
  Ferninand.
• Black Hand carries out its plan when Ferninand
  visits Bosnia
• Gavrilo Princip carries out assassination. Gets
  twenty years in prison, but dies of tuberculosis
  before he serves his term.

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Pictures Video
Gavrilo Princip
Franz Ferdinand
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Early days of WWI

• Central Powers- Germany Austria Hungary, Turkey
  (end of 1914)
• Allies- Russia, Serbia, France, Great Britain,
  Italy (1915) United States (1917)
• July 28, 1914- Austria Hungary declares war on
  Serbia
• Russia comes in as Serbias ally.
• Germany declares war on Russia.
• France enters as Russias ally.
• Germany decides to wipe out France first, so they
  go through Belgium, which brings Britain into the
  war.
• Within one week all major European powers were
  involved in the war.

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Modern Warfare

• Trench war- Soldiers would stay in trenches for
  days. Soldiers were usually buried where they
  fell.
• The stench of the dead bodies now is awful as
  they have been exposed to the sun for several
  days, many have swollen and burst. The trench is
  full of other occupants, things with lots of
  legs, also swarms of rats. (1) Sergeant A. Vine,
  diary entry (8th August, 1915)

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Trench Foot

• This was an infection of the feet caused by cold,
  wet and unsanitary conditions. In the trenches
  men stood for hours on end in waterlogged
  trenches. Only treatments was to apply whale-oil
  and dry the feet as often as possible.

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Modern Warfare

• Trench War- Each side had its own trench. The
  space between was known as no-mans land

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More Trench Warfare
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Arial View of Trench Network
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Modern Weapons

• Machine Guns- Could fire 450 rounds a min.
• Grenades- Could be thrown into trenches
• Chlorine Gas other chemicals- During first
  attacks many soldiers didnt know they were being
  poisoned.
• Tanks- Early tanks moved slow and didnt have
  powerful guns.
• Howitzers- Could fire large shells long
  distances.
• Airplanes- Used for reconnaissance in early
  stages, later added machine guns.

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Pictures

• British Howitzer

Early Tank
Machine Gun
Red Baron
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More Pictures
British tank crossing a trench
Plane used in WWI
USS South Carolina
U.S. Submarines
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Trench War Video
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The German U-Boat

• U-boat- German submarines that sank many ships
  off the coast of Great Britain.
• U-boats sinks the Lusitania the Sussex.
• Germany issues the Sussex Pledge promising the
  U.S. that it will not fire on passenger ships
  without warning again. They do not follow this
  agreement.

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Final Straw for U.S.

• President Woodrow Wilson asked the U.S. to be
  patient but the Zimmermann Note and the later
  sinking of 3 U.S. ships is the final straw. The
  U.S. declares war in April 1917. The
  declaration of war passes the Senate by a vote of
  82-6 and the House by 373-50.
• Zimmermann note- Message sent from German
  foreign secretary to Mexico offering an alliance
  between Germany Mexico. Germany promised to
  help Mexico win back areas such as Texas which it
  had lost in prior wars.
• U.S. gets to Europe just in time to help save
  Paris from the Germans.

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U.S. War Video Clip
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End of WWI

• War comes to an end with in Nov. 1918 when an
  armistice (cease fire) is finally ordered by the
  Allies.
• Fourteen Points- Wilsons plan for post WWI peace
  in Europe.
• League of Nations- Wilsons plan for an
  organization of nations to ensure world peace.
  Said that an attack on one, was an attack on all.
  U.S. actually does not join because Congress
  will not approve.
• Versailles Treaty- Peace treaty signed with
  Germany to end the WWI. (U.S. did not sign)
• U.S. signs separate peace treaties with Germany,
  Austria and Hungary.

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Effects of the War on the U.S.

• Selective Service Act- drafting of young men to
  the military to fight in WWI. Used a lottery to
  pick.
• Espionage Act- banned printed materials objecting
  to the war. Also enacted penalties for speaking
  out against the war, etc. or prison.
• Great Migration- Movement of large number of
  African Americans from the rural south to the
  industrial north to find jobs during the war.
• Red Scare- A wave of widespread fear of
  communist.
• Palmer Raids- Police arrested thousands of
  suspected communist or immigrants.

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Casualties