Native Californians

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Native Californians
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Yuma Indians
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Chumash Indians
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Gabrielino Indians
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St. Francis of Assisi closet animst?
Legend has it that St. Francis preached to the
birds and other creatures as well as to humans.
He is known today as the patron saint of animals
and the environment. His image is often placed in
gardens in respect for his interest in all things
natural.
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Ishi
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Spanish claim to North America, 1763
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The Louisiana Purchase, 1803
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The mission system founders
Junipero Serra
Gaspar de Portola
Fermin de Lasuen
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Mission locations
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In 1573, the Spanish authorities drew up the Laws
of the Indies as the first American planning
code. It included site selection and dealt at
length with urban form. "The plan of the place,
with its squares, streets and building lots, was
to be outlined by means of measuring by cord and
ruler, beginning with the main square from which
streets were to run to the gates and principal
roads and leaving sufficient open space so that
even if the town grew, it could always spread in
a symmetrical manner" (Reps). This really
required a gridiron structure. The location and
proportions of the main public plaza are
specified, plus a requirement that buildings be
uniform for the sake of the beauty of the town.
Early settlements included St. Augustine in
Florida, 1565 Santa Fe in New Mexico, 1609 and
San Antonio in Texas, 1718.
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Portsmouth Square, San Francisco, circa 1851
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Portsmouth Square
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Portsmouth Square today
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San Francisco presidio today
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LA plaza and (Olvera Street today)
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Los Angeles as pueblo
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Mission San Juan Capistrano
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John C. Fremont
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Bear Flag Revolt
American settlers started a revolt on their own
on June 10, 1846. Hostilities were initiated by
seizing a band of horses intended for the Mexican
militia. The Bear Flaggers raised the grizzly
bear flag and issued a proclamation of
independence. A short distance from San Rafael
the virtually bloodless "Battle" of Olompali was
fought. This action prompted Fre'mont to place
his small detachment (sixty-two) of United States
troops on the side of the rebels. The question
which remains is whether or not Fremont
encouraged the revolt. and only waited until
success was ensured before overtly joining the
conflict. From New Helvetia the small American
force made its way to Yerba Buena and on to
Monterey, where it joined forces with United
States Naval units. The fact that war with Mexico
had already begun made Fremont's action
acceptable.
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From short-termstay.com (Sonoma promotional
website)
Bear Flag RevoltOn June 14, 1846, American
horsemen rode into Sonoma and proclaimed
independence from Mexican rule. The independent
Republic of California was declared and the
original Bear Flag was raised. It was the Bear
Flag Revolt and eventually resulted in American
rule throughout California and the first state
flag. A monument marks the site where the flag
was first raised in the Sonoma Plaza.
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California flag
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Mexican cession (in pink) from Treaty of
Guadalupe Hidalgo
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Pio Pico
Pío de Jesus Pico IV (1801-1894) was the last
Mexican Governor of Alta California. He fled to
Mexico in 1846 to prevent capture by the U.S.
military. He successfully survived the
Mexican-American transition, however, and after
the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo he
returned to Los Angeles and was elected to the
Los Angeles City Council.
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Pico House (430 N. Main St. Los Angeles) (1869)
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Biddy Mason
Biddy Mason Park
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Coloma, circa 1850
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Gold Rush blues
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Hydraulic mining
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Placer deposit mining
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Sacramento flood, 1862
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Whats this movie really about?
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San Francisco Vigiliance Committee of 1851
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SF Vigilance Committee of 1856
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Bancroft Library at UC Berkeley
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Helen Hunt Jackson, 1880
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Camulos Rancho
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Mission myth
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Mission myth today
Mission revival architecture