Title: MR. LIPMAN
1MR. LIPMANS APUS POWERPOINT CHAPTER 31
- THE ROARING TWENTIES
- DOMESTIC CHANGES
2KEYS TO THE CHAPTER
- The Red Scare
- Fear of Immigrants
- Alcohol is Banned
- Consumer Consumption Economy
- Tax Policy is changed
- Assembly Line Production
- Mass Transportation
- Entertainment for the masses
- Increased Urbanization / Economic Speculation
3Economic Expansion, 192029-----------A period
of Prosperity
4- 1919 1920 Red Scare in US
- 1917 Bolsheviks took power in Russia
- June 1919 bomb at A. G. Palmers home
- September 1920 bomb on Wall St. kills 38
- December 1919 249 alien radicals deported
- States outlaw advocacy of violence for social
change - Palmer arrests 5K on weak evidence w/o warrants
5America fears the change sweeping Europe
6- Businessmen used fear of socialism to drive out
attempts to unionize - Fear of Anarchists/Socialists spreads
- Sacco (shoe-factory worker) and Vanzetti (fish
peddler) - 1921 convicted of murdering a Massachusetts
shoe factory paymaster and his guard in 1920
robbery of 15K - They were Italian, atheists, anarchists, draft
dodgers - August 23, 1927 both electrocuted
7Nicola Sacco Bartolomeo Vanzetti
8- Ku Klux Klan rises in popularity across the
nation - Against forces of diversity and modernity of
1920s - Anti-foreign, anti-Catholic, anti-black,
anti-Jewish, anti-pacifist, anti-Communist,
anti-internationalist, anti-evolutionist,,
anti-birth control - Pro-Anglo-Saxon, pro-native American,
pro-Protestant
9- Immigration began again but most from Southern
and Eastern Europe - Emergency Quota Act of 1921
- Temporary measure
- Quota of 3 of nationality of those in US in 1910
- Many southern / eastern Europeans were in US by
1910 - Immigration Act of 1924 /Changes America forever
- Quotas cut from 3 to 2 and base shifted from
1910 to 1890 to limit S/E immigration - Belief that northern European were superior race
- Japanese immigration completely stopped
- Hate America rallies held in Japan
- Canadians and Latin Americans exempted
- Brought in for jobs sent home when jobs scarce
10- 1919 Eighteenth Amendment passed
- Volstead Act (1919) Congress passed to enforce
Prohibition - South and West Support but the East opposes it
11- Why prohibition failed
- Tradition of alcohol in America
- Tradition of weak control by central government
- Difficult to enforce law which majority opposed
- Soldiers argued law passed while they were in
Europe - Understaffed and underpaid federal enforcers
- Successes of Prohibition
- Bank savings increased
- Absenteeism in work decreased
- Less alcohol consumed overall
12Customers Enjoying a Drink at a
Speakeasy-------------Note fancy clothes but
poor surroundings
13- Huge profits made in smuggling and selling
alcohol led to crime and gangs - Police and judges bribed
- Few arrests, fewer convictions
- Scarface Al Capone (1925-1931 brutal gang wars)
- Leader of Chicagos alcohol distribution gangs
- Gangsters moved into other profitable areas
- Prostitution, gambling, narcotics , Extortion
- Infiltrated some unions as organizers
14- Improvement in education
- More states required students to stay in school
longer - Improvement in science and public health
- Fundamentalists attacked progressive education
and science- want traditional values and
claim that Darwinism destroyed faith in Bible
and contributed to loose morals of youth - Tennessee passed law prohibiting teaching of
evolution in school - leads to the 1925 Scopes
Trial - Fundamentalists looked anti-modern and somewhat
foolish and separate from modernists
15Fear of Change Ripping Society
16The Mass-Consumption Economy
- Reasons for the growth of the 1920s
- Favorable tax policies
- Cheap energy (oil)
- Increased capital investment
- New industries
- Advertising to increase consumption
- The Man Nobody Knows (by Bruce Barton) claimed
Jesus the greatest advertiser in history - Buying on credit (installment payments)
- Prosperity built on debt
17Consumer Debt 1920 31Much of it spent on
recreation and modern convenience
18Automobile Changes America
- Inventing the automobile
- 1886 - invented by European (Karl Benz)
- 1890s - adapted by Americans (Ford and others)
- Henry Ford most responsible for popularizing
cars - 1910s 1920s used assembly-line production and
efficiency (Fordism) to standardize cars - Made cheap enough for most workers
- Frederick W. Taylor (Taylorism)
- Father of Scientific Management (time everything)
19- The social impact of the auto
- Went from luxury to necessity
- Badge of freedom, equality, and social standing
- Expanded leisure travel
- Increased independence of women
- Less isolation among sections of US
- Less-attractive states lost population
- Consolidation of schools and churches
- Sprawl of suburbs
- Increased accidents and deaths
- Increased freedom of youth, frequently for sex
- Crime increased because of ability for quick
getaway - At first, improved air and environmental quality
(from horses)
20- December 17, 1903 Wright Brothers
- Airplanes used during World War I
- 1920 first airmail route from NY to San
Francisco - Charles Lindbergh
- 1927 made first solo flight across Atlantic
Ocean (New York to Paris) - Became first media hero of 20th century
21The Spirit of St. Louis over Paris,
1927------------Flight took over 33 hours
22- 1932 Lindbergh baby kidnapped
- Led to Lindbergh Law
- Abduction across interstate death-penalty
offense - Bruno Hauptmann, a German immigrant, executed for
the crime in 1934
23- Early radio programs were local
- By late 1920s national networks drown out local
programs - commercials in US financed radio
- contrasted with government-owned stations in
Europe - Social impact of the radio
- Family and neighbors gathered to hear programs
- Radio brought the nation together
- Same programs, sponsored by the same products
- Sports broadcasts, comedies, news, politicians
24(No Transcript)
25Gathered Around the Radio
26- Invention of movies
- 1890s - Thomas Edison and others build first
projectors - 1903 The Great Train Robbery
- First story on screen -Shown in five-cent
theaters (nickelodeons) - 1915 Birth of a Nation
- D.W. Griffiths glorification of KKK
- Hollywood became center of movie production
- Early movies featured nudity
- Public forced industry to self-censor using
ratings - World War I
- Propaganda used to incite feeling against Germans
and the Kaiser
27- 1927 The Jazz Singer
- First talkie
- Racist white person painted himself in
blackface - Actors and actresses became stars
- Critics said movies vulgarized popular tastes
- Socialized immigrants
- Standardized language and tastes
28Society Begins to Change
- Census of 1920 shows majority now in cities
- More Women working
- Birth Control Margret Sanger
- Church loses some of its influence
- Advertisers sell sex The Flapper Girl
29The Flapper
- Bobbed (short) hair
- Short dress
- Rolled stockings
- Red cheeks and lips
- Smoking
- Flat body
- No Care Attitude
30The Dynamic Decade for Blacks
- Harlem Renaissance
- 100,000 blacks in 1920s
- Poets and writers like Langston Hughes Countee
Cullen - Influential blacks argued for a New Negro
- Full citizen and social equal to whites
- Marcus Garvey pushes nationalism
- Pushed to resettle blacks in homeland (Africa)
- Pushed black businesses black pride
31The Age of Literature
- H.L. Mencken
- F. Scott Fitzgerald
- Theodore Dreiser
- Ernest Hemingway
- Sinclair Lewis
- William Faulkner
- Poets Pound T.S. Elliot Robert Frost
- Playwright Eugene ONeill
32- Architecture becomes important
- Functionalism
- Architects like Frank Lloyd Wright
- 1931 Empire State Building dedicated
- 102 stories high
- Rampant speculation in 1920s - a sign that crash
was coming - Several hundred banks failed yearly
- 1925 crash of Florida real estate boom
- Based on fraud, including selling underwater lots
33- Speculation on the stock exchange
- Stocks went up because people speculated that
they would be able to sell for more than they
paid - Buying on margin
- Stocks purchased with small down payment
- Only worked as long as stocks went up (like
recent housing bubble and mortgages) - National debt and tax policies
- Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon attacked
high taxes (holdover from WWI) because - Forced rich to invest in tax-exempt securities
instead of factories - Brought lower net receipts into Treasury
34- Controversy over Mellon policies
- Shifted tax burden to middle-income groups
- Reduced national debt (from 26 to 16 billion),
but should have reduced it more - Indirectly encouraged speculation on stock
exchange by increasing holdings of the rich - THEORY OF TRICKLE DOWN ECONOMICS IS FOLLOWED
BUT NO CLEAR EVIDENCE THAT IT WILL EVER WORK
THEN OR NOW