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MR. LIPMAN

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MR. LIPMAN S APUS POWERPOINT CHAPTER 31 THE ROARING TWENTIES DOMESTIC CHANGES Controversy over Mellon policies Shifted tax burden to middle-income groups Reduced ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: MR. LIPMAN


1
MR. LIPMANS APUS POWERPOINT CHAPTER 31
  • THE ROARING TWENTIES
  • DOMESTIC CHANGES

2
KEYS TO THE CHAPTER
  • The Red Scare
  • Fear of Immigrants
  • Alcohol is Banned
  • Consumer Consumption Economy
  • Tax Policy is changed
  • Assembly Line Production
  • Mass Transportation
  • Entertainment for the masses
  • Increased Urbanization / Economic Speculation

3
Economic Expansion, 192029-----------A period
of Prosperity
4
  • 1919 1920 Red Scare in US
  • 1917 Bolsheviks took power in Russia
  • June 1919 bomb at A. G. Palmers home
  • September 1920 bomb on Wall St. kills 38
  • December 1919 249 alien radicals deported
  • States outlaw advocacy of violence for social
    change
  • Palmer arrests 5K on weak evidence w/o warrants

5
America fears the change sweeping Europe
6
  • Businessmen used fear of socialism to drive out
    attempts to unionize
  • Fear of Anarchists/Socialists spreads
  • Sacco (shoe-factory worker) and Vanzetti (fish
    peddler)
  • 1921 convicted of murdering a Massachusetts
    shoe factory paymaster and his guard in 1920
    robbery of 15K
  • They were Italian, atheists, anarchists, draft
    dodgers
  • August 23, 1927 both electrocuted

7
Nicola Sacco Bartolomeo Vanzetti
8
  • Ku Klux Klan rises in popularity across the
    nation
  • Against forces of diversity and modernity of
    1920s
  • Anti-foreign, anti-Catholic, anti-black,
    anti-Jewish, anti-pacifist, anti-Communist,
    anti-internationalist, anti-evolutionist,,
    anti-birth control
  • Pro-Anglo-Saxon, pro-native American,
    pro-Protestant

9
  • Immigration began again but most from Southern
    and Eastern Europe
  • Emergency Quota Act of 1921
  • Temporary measure
  • Quota of 3 of nationality of those in US in 1910
  • Many southern / eastern Europeans were in US by
    1910
  • Immigration Act of 1924 /Changes America forever
  • Quotas cut from 3 to 2 and base shifted from
    1910 to 1890 to limit S/E immigration
  • Belief that northern European were superior race
  • Japanese immigration completely stopped
  • Hate America rallies held in Japan
  • Canadians and Latin Americans exempted
  • Brought in for jobs sent home when jobs scarce

10
  • 1919 Eighteenth Amendment passed
  • Volstead Act (1919) Congress passed to enforce
    Prohibition
  • South and West Support but the East opposes it

11
  • Why prohibition failed
  • Tradition of alcohol in America
  • Tradition of weak control by central government
  • Difficult to enforce law which majority opposed
  • Soldiers argued law passed while they were in
    Europe
  • Understaffed and underpaid federal enforcers
  • Successes of Prohibition
  • Bank savings increased
  • Absenteeism in work decreased
  • Less alcohol consumed overall

12
Customers Enjoying a Drink at a
Speakeasy-------------Note fancy clothes but
poor surroundings
13
  • Huge profits made in smuggling and selling
    alcohol led to crime and gangs
  • Police and judges bribed
  • Few arrests, fewer convictions
  • Scarface Al Capone (1925-1931 brutal gang wars)
  • Leader of Chicagos alcohol distribution gangs
  • Gangsters moved into other profitable areas
  • Prostitution, gambling, narcotics , Extortion
  • Infiltrated some unions as organizers

14
  • Improvement in education
  • More states required students to stay in school
    longer
  • Improvement in science and public health
  • Fundamentalists attacked progressive education
    and science- want traditional values and
    claim that Darwinism destroyed faith in Bible
    and contributed to loose morals of youth
  • Tennessee passed law prohibiting teaching of
    evolution in school - leads to the 1925 Scopes
    Trial
  • Fundamentalists looked anti-modern and somewhat
    foolish and separate from modernists

15
Fear of Change Ripping Society
16
The Mass-Consumption Economy
  • Reasons for the growth of the 1920s
  • Favorable tax policies
  • Cheap energy (oil)
  • Increased capital investment
  • New industries
  • Advertising to increase consumption
  • The Man Nobody Knows (by Bruce Barton) claimed
    Jesus the greatest advertiser in history
  • Buying on credit (installment payments)
  • Prosperity built on debt

17
Consumer Debt 1920 31Much of it spent on
recreation and modern convenience
18
Automobile Changes America
  • Inventing the automobile
  • 1886 - invented by European (Karl Benz)
  • 1890s - adapted by Americans (Ford and others)
  • Henry Ford most responsible for popularizing
    cars
  • 1910s 1920s used assembly-line production and
    efficiency (Fordism) to standardize cars
  • Made cheap enough for most workers
  • Frederick W. Taylor (Taylorism)
  • Father of Scientific Management (time everything)

19
  • The social impact of the auto
  • Went from luxury to necessity
  • Badge of freedom, equality, and social standing
  • Expanded leisure travel
  • Increased independence of women
  • Less isolation among sections of US
  • Less-attractive states lost population
  • Consolidation of schools and churches
  • Sprawl of suburbs
  • Increased accidents and deaths
  • Increased freedom of youth, frequently for sex
  • Crime increased because of ability for quick
    getaway
  • At first, improved air and environmental quality
    (from horses)

20
  • December 17, 1903 Wright Brothers
  • Airplanes used during World War I
  • 1920 first airmail route from NY to San
    Francisco
  • Charles Lindbergh
  • 1927 made first solo flight across Atlantic
    Ocean (New York to Paris)
  • Became first media hero of 20th century

21
The Spirit of St. Louis over Paris,
1927------------Flight took over 33 hours
22
  • 1932 Lindbergh baby kidnapped
  • Led to Lindbergh Law
  • Abduction across interstate death-penalty
    offense
  • Bruno Hauptmann, a German immigrant, executed for
    the crime in 1934

23
  • Early radio programs were local
  • By late 1920s national networks drown out local
    programs
  • commercials in US financed radio
  • contrasted with government-owned stations in
    Europe
  • Social impact of the radio
  • Family and neighbors gathered to hear programs
  • Radio brought the nation together
  • Same programs, sponsored by the same products
  • Sports broadcasts, comedies, news, politicians

24
(No Transcript)
25
Gathered Around the Radio
26
  • Invention of movies
  • 1890s - Thomas Edison and others build first
    projectors
  • 1903 The Great Train Robbery
  • First story on screen -Shown in five-cent
    theaters (nickelodeons)
  • 1915 Birth of a Nation
  • D.W. Griffiths glorification of KKK
  • Hollywood became center of movie production
  • Early movies featured nudity
  • Public forced industry to self-censor using
    ratings
  • World War I
  • Propaganda used to incite feeling against Germans
    and the Kaiser

27
  • 1927 The Jazz Singer
  • First talkie
  • Racist white person painted himself in
    blackface
  • Actors and actresses became stars
  • Critics said movies vulgarized popular tastes
  • Socialized immigrants
  • Standardized language and tastes

28
Society Begins to Change
  • Census of 1920 shows majority now in cities
  • More Women working
  • Birth Control Margret Sanger
  • Church loses some of its influence
  • Advertisers sell sex The Flapper Girl

29
The Flapper
  • Bobbed (short) hair
  • Short dress
  • Rolled stockings
  • Red cheeks and lips
  • Smoking
  • Flat body
  • No Care Attitude

30
The Dynamic Decade for Blacks
  • Harlem Renaissance
  • 100,000 blacks in 1920s
  • Poets and writers like Langston Hughes Countee
    Cullen
  • Influential blacks argued for a New Negro
  • Full citizen and social equal to whites
  • Marcus Garvey pushes nationalism
  • Pushed to resettle blacks in homeland (Africa)
  • Pushed black businesses black pride

31
The Age of Literature
  • H.L. Mencken
  • F. Scott Fitzgerald
  • Theodore Dreiser
  • Ernest Hemingway
  • Sinclair Lewis
  • William Faulkner
  • Poets Pound T.S. Elliot Robert Frost
  • Playwright Eugene ONeill

32
  • Architecture becomes important
  • Functionalism
  • Architects like Frank Lloyd Wright
  • 1931 Empire State Building dedicated
  • 102 stories high
  • Rampant speculation in 1920s - a sign that crash
    was coming
  • Several hundred banks failed yearly
  • 1925 crash of Florida real estate boom
  • Based on fraud, including selling underwater lots

33
  • Speculation on the stock exchange
  • Stocks went up because people speculated that
    they would be able to sell for more than they
    paid
  • Buying on margin
  • Stocks purchased with small down payment
  • Only worked as long as stocks went up (like
    recent housing bubble and mortgages)
  • National debt and tax policies
  • Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon attacked
    high taxes (holdover from WWI) because
  • Forced rich to invest in tax-exempt securities
    instead of factories
  • Brought lower net receipts into Treasury

34
  • Controversy over Mellon policies
  • Shifted tax burden to middle-income groups
  • Reduced national debt (from 26 to 16 billion),
    but should have reduced it more
  • Indirectly encouraged speculation on stock
    exchange by increasing holdings of the rich
  • THEORY OF TRICKLE DOWN ECONOMICS IS FOLLOWED
    BUT NO CLEAR EVIDENCE THAT IT WILL EVER WORK
    THEN OR NOW
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