TRAINING FOR THE WEIGHTS AND MEASURES OFFICIAL

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TRAINING FOR THEWEIGHTS AND MEASURES OFFICIAL
COURSE CURRICULUM
MODULE 1 Introduction
MODULE 2 Laws Regulations
MODULE 3 Enforcement Procedures
MODULE 4 Legal Action
MODULE 5 Legal Metrology
MODULE 6 Field Standards Test Equipment
MODULE 7 Basic Weighing / Measuring Principles
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TRAINING FOR THEWEIGHTS AND MEASURES OFFICIAL
COURSE CURRICULUM
MODULE 8 Device Type Evaluation
MODULE 9 Weighing Devices
MODULE 10 Measuring Devices
MODULE 11 Weighmaster Enforcement
MODULE 12 Petroleum Products
MODULE 13 Quantity Control
MODULE 14 Service Agencies and Agents
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TRAINING FOR THEWEIGHTS AND MEASURES OFFICIAL
Module NineWeighing Devices
Ninth in a series of 14
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General Overview

• This module will
• Familiarize you with weighing devices
• Introduce various terms and definitions
• Discuss enforcement tools used by the field
  inspector
• Prepare you for hands on field training

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Module Objectives
Understand the difference between commercial and
non-commercial use
Understand the importance of type approval
Be able to describe the basic construction and
use various weighing devices
Be familiar with the reference tools used in
inspection and testing weighing devices
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General Considerations
In every commercial transaction involving the
weighing of a commodity over a scale, accurate
weights and proper weighing practices protect
both the buyer and seller

• Buyer and seller have a right to equity

• The seller has a right to fair value

• The buyer can compare values

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Commercial or Non-Commercial
Commercial Determination of Weight For the
purchase or sale, barter or trade of any
commodity or thing Of any commodity or thing
upon which determination of a charge for service
is based Includes devices such as parcel
scales, shipping scales, and scales used in the
payment of agricultural workers Normally occurs
in the presence of the customer If not, a
weighmaster certificate is required
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Commercial or Non-Commercial
Non-Commercial Weighing performed within a
business as part of the manufacturing
process Pre-packaging scales used for filling
packages to a pre-determined weight The
determination of charges for the transmission of
letters or parcels of less than 150 pounds,
except when that determination is made in the
presence of the customer charged for the service
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Role of Weights and Measures
Responsibility of the Weights and Measures
Official Inspect, test and seal commercial
scales that are correct Ensure that weighing
practices protect the interests of all
parties Remove scales from commercial use that
are found to be incorrect
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Authority

• Business and Professions Code of California
• 12027 12107The Secretary of Food and
  Agriculture may
• Make laws and regulations
• Establish tolerances, specifications and other
  technical requirements for commercial weighing
  and measuring
• NIST Handbook 44
• Adopted by reference, with exceptions

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Reference Tools
Business and Professions Code
DMS Field Reference Manual
Device Enforcement Program Manual
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Business and Professions Code
Business and Professions Code Division 5,
Chapters 1-17, pertaining to Weights and
Measures These are the laws adopted by the State
Legislature requiring you, or prohibiting
you from doing something More information about
Laws and Regulations is discussed in Training
Module 2
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Field Reference Manual
References the California Code of
Regulations(Title 4, Division 9) NIST Handbook
44 adopted by reference, with exceptions CCR
4000 sections same as HB 44 CCR 4001 sections
are not adopted from HB 44 CCR 4002 requirements
are different than, or in addition to
requirements in HB 44
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California Code of Regulations

• The specifications, tolerances, and other
  technical requirements established by the
  California Code of Regulations apply to
• Commercial weighing devices
• Any accessory attached to or used in connection
  with a commercial weighing device that affects
  the accuracy of the device
• Weighing devices used for law enforcement
  purposes

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CCR Paragraph Designations
Organized into different codes by type of device
or subject
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CCR Paragraph Designations
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Device Enforcement Program Manual
Includes basic considerations associated with
theenforcement of device code regulations
Theory of Tolerances
Inspection vs. Testing
Methods of Sealing
Checklist to determine jurisdiction for weighing
andmeasuring devices interfaced to computer
systems Directory of DMS Notices, DMS Policy
Letters andEPO References
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Device Enforcement Program Manual
It also incorporates the Examination Procedures
Outline for Commercial Weighing and Measuring
Devices Guide for determining if devices are
correct and suitable for commercial
service Outline for a minimum examination
preceding official action References sections of
BP and CCR
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Examination Procedures Outline
Checklists for
Newly Installed Weighing Devices
Indicators Automatic Non-Automatic
Shift Test Substitution/Strain Load Tests
Electromagnetic Interference Test
Weight Truck Calibration Guidelines
Measuring Devices
Weighing Devices
Customer Operated Devices
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Words of Caution to Weights and Measures Officials

• Program manuals and Examination Procedures
  Outline are only guidelines to assist you with
  your job

• They are not the law
• They cannot be referenced as violations when
  issuing a Notice of Violation, or writing a
  citation, criminal or civil case
• You must reference the correct Business and
  Professions Code or California Code of Regulations

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Scale Components
All scales have the same basic components
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Load-Receiving Elements
The load rests upon a Platform or deck of
wood, steel or concrete Platter or pan,
conveyor belt, hopper, tank or monorail Supporte
d by a suspension system that transmits the load
to the indicating element
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Weighing Elements
Transmit the force of the load from the load
receiving element to the weight indicating
element Lever Systems - Mechanical
scale Load-cell Systems - Electronic
scale Electro-mechanical - Both mechanical and
electronic
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Weighing Elements
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Indicating Elements
Weighbeams
Dials
Electronic Indicator
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Weighbeams
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Weighbeams
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Weighbeams
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Weighbeams
Weighbeams with balance indicators
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Dial Indicators
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Dial Indicators
May be equipped with a
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Electronic Indicators
Applications Electro-mechanical
Scales Mechanical scales converted to electronic
indicator Electronic dials Levertronic
Scales Both mechanical and electronic
indicators Tested as two separate scales Full
electronic Scales
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Electronic Indicators
Common features
Tare mechanism (must be indicated) Push-button
tare
Keyboard tare Dial
tare mechanism Gross/net weight Push-button print
On-Off switch Zero-setting mechanisms Semi-auto
and auto-zero Center of zero indication Unit
selection (must be indicated)
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Electronic Indicators

Computing Scales
Indicate money values for an
amount of product weighed at predetermined unit
prices Point of Sale
Systems Consists of a scale and indicator
interfaced to an electronic cash register (ECR),
many times with a scanner. This system may
utilize price look-up (PLU) codes which may have
tares automatically entered for a product
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Accuracy Classes
Weighing devices are divided into accuracy
classes according to the number of scale
divisions (n) and the value of the scale division
(d).There are five classes of scale categories
I Precision laboratory weighing.
II Laboratory weighing precious metals gem weighing grain test scales.
III All commercial weighing not otherwise specified, grain test scales, retail precious metals and semi-precious gem weighing, animal scales, postal scales used to determine laundry charges, and vehicle on-board weighing systems.
III L Vehicle, axle-load, livestock, railway track scales, crane, hopper (Other than grain hopper) scales, and vehicle on-board weighing systems.
IIII Wheel-load weighers and portable axle load weighers used for highway weight enforcement (Generally the California Highway Patrol).
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Accuracy Classes

• The majority of commercial scales fall into class
  III or III L
• Scales manufactured after Jan. 1, 1986 are
  required to be marked with these class
  designations
• Older scales without these designations are
  referred to as unmarked scales. These scales
  are placed into classes based on their use
• Application of scale tolerance depends upon the
  class of scale being tested

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Tolerances
Tolerances are accuracy criteriaused by weights
and measures officials

Table 6. Maintenance Tolerances (All values in this table are in scale divisions) Table 6. Maintenance Tolerances (All values in this table are in scale divisions) Table 6. Maintenance Tolerances (All values in this table are in scale divisions) Table 6. Maintenance Tolerances (All values in this table are in scale divisions) Table 6. Maintenance Tolerances (All values in this table are in scale divisions)
Tolerance in Scale Divisions Tolerance in Scale Divisions Tolerance in Scale Divisions Tolerance in Scale Divisions Tolerance in Scale Divisions
1 2 3 5
Class Test Load Test Load Test Load Test Load
I 0 50 000 50 001 - 200 000 200 001
II 0 5 000 5 001 - 20 000 20 001
III 0 500 501 - 2 000 2 001 - 4 000 4 001
IIII 0 50 51 - 200 201 - 400 401
III L 0 500 501 - 1 000 (Add 1d for each additional 500d or fraction thereof) (Add 1d for each additional 500d or fraction thereof)
Scale tolerance values are based on scale
divisions or the number of d
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Theory of Tolerances

• Errorless value or performance is unattainable
• Tolerances are established to fix the range of
  inaccuracy acceptable for commercial use
• Tolerance values are so fixed that the
  permissible errors are sufficiently small that
  there is no serious injury to either the buyer or
  the seller of commodities, yet not so small as to
  make manufacturing or maintenance costs of
  equipment disproportionately high.

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Tolerances

• CCR - Scales
• Sets the tolerance limit for inaccuracy allowed
  for a particular device
• Acceptance Tolerance is generally one-half of
  maintenance tolerance and is applied to scales
  that are new or undergoing type approval
• Maintenance Tolerance permits an additional
  amount of deterioration before the scale is
  placed out of service. Applies to scales
  already in commercial use

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Pre-Test Determinations
Type Approval Check compliance with certificate
of approval or conformanceInclude software
verification where applicable Suitability
Consider appropriate use weighing produce with a
postal weight classifier Minimum load not less
than 20 d Marking Requirements Required
information aids in determining suitability and
approval
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Marking Requirements
Common to all devices Manufacturer name,
initials or trademark Model designation Nonrepet
itive serial number
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Marking Requirements
Additional information that may be required on
scale systems and components depending upon
manufacture date
NTEP Certificate ofConformance Number
Maximum Scale Divisions
Concentrated Load Capacity
Accuracy Class
Nominal Capacity
Minimum Dead Load
Scale Division
Maximum Capacity
emin and vmin
Section Capacity
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Device Inspection
The primary purpose of a scale examination is to
ensure that the device is accurate and correct
A device can be accurate but not correct


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Device Inspection

• To be accurate a scale must meet, within
  applicable tolerances, specific performance
  requirements determined during testing
• To be correct a scale must be accurate and meet
  all applicable specification requirements
  (design, type approval, selection, installation,
  use, and maintenance)

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Inspection Procedures

• Inspection Procedures include verification of
  Method of Operation
• Used according to manufacturers instructions
• No facilitation of fraud
• Compliance with user requirements

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Testing

• Testing is done to determine compliance with
  performance requirements
• Testing will vary according to the device being
  tested
• Testing procedures are contained in the EPO found
  in the Device Enforcement Program Manual
• It is recommended that you train with qualified
  county or state officials before proceeding with
  field testing
• There are numerous safety issues to consider
  before testing a device

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Sealing
When a device is found to be correct, it must
be sealed before commercial use In addition
to the familiar approval seal, most devices have
provisions for security sealing mechanisms used
by service agents to make adjustments and
calibrations There are primarily three ways to
secure the calibration and parameter
mechanisms Although none will prevent access,
they provide evidence of tampering
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Physical Sealing
The traditional method using a lead and wire seal
Another method is with tamper-resistant or
pressure sensitive seals. These will tear or
transfer markings if an attempt is made to remove
the seal If either of these seals are not
intact,the integrity of device is
compromised It is illegal to use an unsealed
devicein commerce
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Electronic Sealing
Many electronic indicators are capable of
calibration and parameter changes through the
keyboard These are sealed with either a physical
seal to a calibration switch or with an
electronic audit trail that is password
secured The audit trail has two counters that
monitor access to the configuration parameters
and the calibration parameters These counters
increment each time a parameter is accessed
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Audit Trails
When devices are capable of parameter changes
through remote access, more sophisticated
tracking may be necessary An event logger may be
required depending upon remote configuration
capabilities or category of device Categories of
Device and Methods of Sealing are contained in
Table S.1.11. of the CCR 2.20 Scales
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Audit Trail Access
The device type approval or certificate of
conformance will indicate how the device is to be
sealed When a device is sealed with audit
trails, those numbers must be recorded on the
certificate of inspection. Recording those
numbers is how you, as an inspector, seal that
device The device type approval or
certificate of conformance will indicate how to
access the audit trail numbers
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Audit Trail Verification
During routine inspection or complaint
investigations, the audit trail numbers are
accessed and compared to numbers from the
previous inspection or service agency placed in
service reports Unauthorized or unreported
access should be researched and action taken as
in cases where physical security seals are
compromised For information on responsibilities
of Service Agencies and Agents refer to Module 14
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Enforcement Actions
Devices that do not meet the tolerances and
specifications are removed from service with an
Out of Order tag. Some counties allow continued
use if the device is against the seller
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Enforcement Actions
When a device is not approved for commercial use,
do not use an Out of Order tag Affix an
Unapproved Device tag in a conspicuous place
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Enforcement Actions
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Summary

• Commercial vs Non-Commercial
• Responsibilities of Weights and Measures
• Reference Tools when, where and why
  they are applied
• Types of Devices and Components
• Inspection vs. Testing
• Field Examination
• Evaluation and
  Disposition

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Conclusion
This training module has provided you with a
better understanding of weighing devices and the
resources available to aid you in their
inspection.
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TRAINING FOR THEWEIGHTS AND MEASURES OFFICIAL
This Concludes Module 9Weighing Devices