The Magic Lens

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The Magic Lens

• Level One The Eight Parts of Speech
• ADVERBS

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ADVERB (adv.)

• A word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or
  another adverb.

adv
adv
V
adj
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Adverbs

• Please notice that adverbs modify three kinds of
  words that adjectives do not modify.
• Queequeg swam slowly.
• Ahab is too tall.
• He and she swim well.

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The Crayola Syndrome

• In using modifiers (adj. and adv.), you should
  ask yourself if you are using too many.
• Are you saying, bright yellowy green when you
  mean chartreuse?
• Are you writing light blue sky when you mean
  azure?

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Very, very, very weak

• Sometimes a modifier will backfire, especially
  when it is overused. One example is the adverb
  very.
• Omit the verys, and let the adjective stand out
  strong and clear.

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weak
Veryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryvery Veryv
eryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryvery Veryveryve
ryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryvery veryveryveryver
yveryveryveryveryveryveryvery
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Adverbs in Herman Melvilles Moby Dick

• In his 1851 novel Moby Dick, about Captain Ahab
  and the white whale, Herman Melville used adverbs
  to modify his verbs, giving an expanded sense of
  action and event. We see adverbs such as ere,
  diabolically, anomalously, irrevocably,
  jocularly, fain, aesthetically, vivaciously, and
  sagaciously.
• Do you know all of these adverbs?
• Which one do you like best?

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The Magic Lens

• Level One The Eight Parts of Speech
• PREPOSITIONS

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Preposition

• A word that shows the relationship between its
  object and another word in the sentence.

N
prep
adj
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Preposition

• Prepositions show relationships of time (before,
  during, after), space (in, on, beside, around),
  and direction (to, from, toward).
• In other words, prepositions show where two
  things are located, compared to each other.

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Preposition

• To use the wrong preposition is to completely
  alter the meaning of the idea by changing the
  relationship between things would you rather
  there be a thousand-dollar check for you, or a
  thousand-dollar check from you?
• Prepositions are called pre positions because
  they come at the beginning of a prepositional
  phrase they have the PRE position in the phrase
  in the boat, on the dock, around Venus.

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somewhere, over the rainbow

• another word in the sentence preposition
  its object

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The Magic Lens

• Level One The Eight Parts of Speech
• CONJUNCTION

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CONJUNCTION (conj.)

• A word that joins two words or two groups of
  words.
• Conjunctions conjoin A conjunction is a word
  that joins (junct) two words or two groups of
  words (such as two phrases or clauses) together
  (con). Hamlet and Ophelia were here or there,
  but we were and were not.

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Coordinating Conjunctions

• Coordinating Conjunctions co-ordinate
  Coordinating conjunctions join equals they are
  conjunctions that coordinate (join two words or
  groups of words of similar (co) importance).
• It is essential that you have the coordinating
  conjunctions memorized, because you need to know
  them in order to identify and punctuate compound
  sentences.

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Coordinating Conjunctions

• and
• but
• or
• nor
• for
• so
• yet

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Subordinating Conjunctions

• Subordinating conjunctions subordinate they join
  unequals they are conjunctions that subordinate
  they join something of lesser importance to
  something of greater importance.
• Examples as, since, when, because, and many
  others.

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Conjunctions

• Think of it this way In engineering we can draw
  designs for joining things together, but we can
  join them in different ways, and for different
  purposes. For example, we might use a fixed
  joint, or we might use a hinge. Either option
  gives us a joint, but they are not the same.

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Conjunctions

• Conjunctions are like this. A coordinating
  conjunction co-orders what it joins, and a
  subordinating conjunction sub-orders what it
  joins.
• A good example is the difference between a
  compound sentence joined by a coordinating
  conjunction and a complex sentence joined by a
  subordinating conjunction. In Dickens had one
  idea, and his wife had another, both ideas are
  important, but in Dickens went to America when
  he had the chance, the second idea helps support
  the first.
• In using conjunctions, it is necessary to use the
  right one, the one that agrees with the truth of
  the idea.

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Correlative Conjunctions

• The correlative conjunctions are the
  multiple-word conjunctions, such as either/or and
  neither/nor.
• Either you or I will arrive.

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Conjunctive Adverbs

• Conjunctive adverbs are conjunctions that act
  both as adverbs and as conjunctions.
• These include words that are commonly used to
  begin clauses, such as however, furthermore,
  moreover, nevertheless, accordingly, and
  therefore.

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memorize

• COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
• and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet
• SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
• if, as, since, when, because, . . .

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The Magic Lens

• Level One The Eight Parts of Speech
• INTERJECTION

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INTERJECTION

• A word that shows emotion but has no grammatical
  function.
• Interjections are the Batman words -- words that
  fill the pages of the action in comic books.
• Examples of interjections are oh, ugh, oof, wow,
  yes, no, oops.

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Interjection

• All the other parts of speech participate in
  relationships with other parts of speech . . .
  Only the interjection stands alone, thrown splat!
  into the sentence.