Lighting up the Magic LAMP

1
Lighting up the Magic LAMP

• Nirav Mehta
• CEO, MagNet WebPublishing Pvt. Ltd.

2
Welcome

• Welcome
• What would you like to hear?
• Objectives of this session
• Understand what is LAMP
• Learn how does it light up
• We are going to go fast! So be prepared!

3
Introduction

• GNU/Linux Apache MySQL PHP
• Open Source, Free!
• Apache 66.42 of all active sites
• MySQL most popular open source DB
• PHP 27.65 of domains, 45.54 of Apache
• Very popular web development platform

4
Apache Web Server

• HTTP daemon
• Apache Software Foundation
• Apache Modules
• httpd.conf
• What is .htaccess?
• What is Virtual Hosting?

5
MySQL Database

• Fast, stable, most popular open source DB
• ANSI SQL 99, additional functionalities
• Data storage formats MyISAM, InnoDB
• Transactions, Views / SP / Triggers
• Good security system, SSL
• Replication
• Embedded DB Library

6
MySQL Basics

• SQL Basics
• Create
• Insert
• Select
• Update
• Delete
• Alter
• etc.
• MySQL command prompt
• mysql -u username -p dbname

7
MySQL command line tool
8
PHPMyAdmin
9
Web - The Good Old Days

• HTML
• SSI
• CGI Programming
• C
• Complex
• Lengthy
• Perl
• Fantastic text processing
• CPAN modules

10
Handling form data in C

• include
• include
• include
• include
• define ishex(x) (((x) '0' (x) ((x) 'a'
• (x) 'A'
  (x)
• int htoi(char s)
• int value
• char c
• c s0
• if(isupper(c)) c tolower(c)
• value(c '0' c 'a' 10) 16
• c s1
• if(isupper(c)) c tolower(c)
• value c '0' c 'a' 10

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Handling form data in C II

• data getenv("QUERY_STRING")
• if(data data)
• params data dest data
• while(data)
• if(data'') dest' '
• else if(data ''
  ishex((data1))ishex((data2)))
• dest (char) htoi(data 1)
• data2
• else dest data
• data
• dest
• dest '\0'
• s strtok(params,"")
• do
• tmp strchr(s,'')
• if(tmp)
• tmp '\0'
• if(!strcmp(s,"name")) name
  tmp1

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Handling form data in Perl

• use CGI qw(standard)
• print header
• print start_html('Form Example'),
• h1('My Example Form'),
• start_form,
• "Name ", textfield('name'),
• p,
• "Age ", textfield('age'),
• p,
• submit,
• end_form
• if(param())
• print "Hi ",em(param('name')),
• "You are ",em(param('age')),
• " years old"
• print end_html

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PHP Makes it Simple!

• Form Example
• Name
• 
  
• Hi ! You are years
  old

14
Enter PHP!

• PHP Hypertext Preprocessor

15
The PHP Approach

• Pragmatic approach to the Web Problem
• Direct and obvious solution for a simple problem
• Scalability driven by this simplicity
• Rapid Application Development

16
The Road to PHP

• Rasmus Lerdorf
• June 8, 1995 first official release
• October 17, 1995 public release - PHP/FI
• June 6, 1998 - PHP3
• Currently PHP 4.3

17
PHP Usage

• December 2002
• On more than 10 million domains
• About 28 of all the domains

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PHP Works Everywhere!

• Operating Systems
• UNIX, Linux, Win32, QNX, MacOS, OSX, OS/2, BeOS,
  AS/400, OS/390
• Server Interfaces CGI and Module
• Apache, CGI/FastCGI, thttpd, fhttpd, phttpd,
  ISAPI (IIS, Zeus), NSAPI (Netscape iPlanet), Java
  servlet, AOLServer, Roxen/Caudium, SRM (Script
  Running Machine), Tux, pi3web
• Command Line Interpreter

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Embedded Scripting Language

• Embedded in HTML
• PHP Tags
• Switching between HTML and PHP

20
Server Side Language

• Server processes and outputs HTML
• So if the HTML file contains
• "view source" in the browser
• Hello World

21
Basics Variables Operators

• Variables Expressions
• foo 1
• bar "Testing"
• xyz 3.14
• foo foo 1
• ?
• Operators
• Arithmetic, Assignment, Bitwise, Comparison
• Error control, Execution, Incr/Decr, Logical

22
Basics Arrays

• Arrays
• foo1 1
• foo2 2
• bar12 3
• ?

23
Basics Functions

• Functions calling them
• phpinfo()
• foo()
• len strlen(foo)

24
Basics Control Structures

• for, while, do while
• while(foo)
• ...
• ?

25
Basics Output, Comments

• echo, printf()
• echo foo
• printf(".2f",price)
• ?
• Comments
• // Single line comments
• /
• Multi line comments
• /

26
Form Handling with PHP - I

• Form Code
• " method"POST"
• Your name
  
• You age
  
• Output in Browser

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Form Handling with PHP II

• Processing PHP Script
• Hi .
• You are years old.
• Output in browser
• Register Globals Off
• Hi .
• You are years old.

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Language Syntax

• PHP is mixture of C, Perl HTML

for (loop -5 loop 0)
echo "" echo
"loop
\n" while(--loop) switch(i
2) case 0 echo "Even
\n"
break case 1 echo
"Odd
\n" break
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Basic Data types - I

• Numbers (integer and real)
• Strings
• Dynamic typing
• a 1234
• b 1.25
• c 'Hello'
• d c World
• e 10 1.5
• echo "a - b - c - d"
• // 1234 - 1.25 - Hello - Hello World - 6.5

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Basic Data types II

• Booleans
• status true
• if (status) status false
• Ordered and Associative
• a0 1
• a1 "foo"
• a 1.57
• catch_it'cat' "mouse"
• catch_it'dog' "cat"

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User Defined Functions

• Pass by value / reference
• Default values
• function calc (op1, op2, debugtrue)
• val op1 op2
• if (debug)
• echo "op1 op2 val
  \n
• return val
• operand1 3 operand2 2
• echo calc (operand1, operand2)

32
Object Oriented PHP

• Workable OO support, mature in PHP5
• Classes, objects, inheritance, this
• class Cart
• var items var id
• function Cart()
• this-id uniqid()
• function add_item(prodID, num)
• this-itemsprodID num
• cart new Cart
• cart-add_item(1, 3) // add 3 qty of product 1

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Date / Time Functions

• Unix Epoch time
• date(), time(), mktime()
• Feb 15, 2003 122545
• Many complex calculations possible

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String Manipulation

• Lot of functions strlen, substr, trim, strstr,
  str_replace, strtolower ...
• Regular Expressions ereg, preg
• String Tokens explode, implode, strtok
• a explode("", "Thisstringhasdelimiters.")
• while (list(,value) each(a))
• if (strcmp(value, "has") 0)
• echo "had "
• else echo value." "
• // This string had delimiters.

35
File Operations

• fopen, fclose, fread, fwrite (like C)
• file, read_file, file_get_contents
• Possible to open HTTP and FTP URLs
• file "sample.txt"
• fp fopen(file, "r")
• contents fread(fp, filesize(file)
• fclose(fp)
• ?

36
Variable Scope

• Default file scope, local in functions
• Global scope in functions
• GLOBAL var
• Static variables
• Static var
• System Global variables
• _POST, _GET, _COOKIE, _SESSION, _REQUEST,
  _SERVER, _ENV, _FILES

37
Guest Book application I

• My Guestbook
• Welcome to my Guestbook
• Please write me a little note below
• " method"POST"
• wrapvirtual
• fp fopen("/tmp/notes.txt","a")
• fputs(fp,nl2br(note.'').'
  ')
• fclose(fp)
• ?The entries so far

38
Guest Book application II
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SQL Example

• Typical DB interaction
• mysql_pconnect("db.server.com","username","passwo
  rd")
• mysql_select_db("products")
• result mysql_query("SELECT FROM details")
• if (result mysql_num_rows(result))
• echo "\n"
• echo "Name
• Description\n"
• while (a mysql_fetch_array(result))
• echo "aname
• adescr"
• echo ""
• else echo "Nothing in here!"
• Supports almost all DBs
• IBM DB2, Informix, Ingres, MS-SQL, MySQL, ODBC,
  Oracle, PostgreSQL, Sybase,dBase, FilePro, dbm...

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Guest Book on steroids

• My Guestbook
• Please write me a little note
  below
• "
  method"POST"
• wrapvirtual
• mysql_connect('localhost', 'user', 'pass')
• mysql_select_db('database')
• if(isset(note))
• ts date("Y-m-d His")
• mysql_query("insert into comments (ID, note,
  ts)
• values (0,'note','ts')")
• ?
• The entries so far
• comments")
• while(rowmysql_fetch_row(result))
• echo row0 ." " . row1 . " " .
  row2 ."
  \n"

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DB Abstraction

• PEAR DB Class
• require_once 'DB.php'
• db DBconnect('odbc//userpw_at_host/db')
• stmt db-prepare('SELECT FROM comments')
• result db-execute(stmt)
• while(row db-fetchrow(result))
• while(row as field value )
• echo "field value
  \n"
• db-disconnect()
• ?

42
Headers Cookies

• Header
• Header('Location http//www.php.net')
• SetCookie
• SetCookie('name', 'value')
• echo HTTP_COOKIE_VARS'name'
• Headers must be sent before content

43
Sessions

• PHPSESSID
• Using sessions
• session_start()
• session_register(variable)
• _SESSION'name' value
• echo _SESSION'name'
• session_destroy()

44
Image Generation

• GD Library
• Header("Content-type image/png")
• im ImageCreate(630,80)
• blue ImageColorAllocate(im,0x5B,0x69,0xA6)
• white ImageColorAllocate(im,255,255,255)
• black ImageColorAllocate(im,0,0,0)
• ImageTTFText(im, 45, 0, 10, 57, black, "CANDY",
  text)
• ImageTTFText(im, 45, 0, 6, 54, white, "CANDY",
  text)
• ImagePNG(im)
• ?
• "

45
What more can PHP do?

• PDF Generation

46
What more can PHP do?

• Smarty templates
• Separation of logic and layout
• Templates
• It's own language
• Caching

47
Smarty Example tpl file

• My Guestbook
  Welcome to my
  GuestbookPlease write me a little note
  belowmethod"POST"name"note" wrapvirtualtype"submit" value"Send it"The
  entries so far
• section namemsgs loopnotes  notesmsgs.id
  notesmsgs.ts notesmsgs.comment
  /s
  ection

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Smarty Example PHP file

• Smartysmarty-debugging truemysql_connect(
  'localhost','user','pass')mysql_select_db('datab
  ase')/ insert new note /if(isset(note))
      ts date("Y-m-d His")    mysql_query("
  insert into comments values                  (0,'
  note','ts')")/ read existing notes
  /result mysql_query('select from
  comments')if(!result) echo mysql_error()while
  (notesmysql_fetch_array(result,MYSQL_ASSOC))
  smarty-assign('notes',notes)smarty-displa
  y("guestbook.tpl")?

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What more can PHP do?

• LDAP
• SNMP
• IMAP (POP, NNTP)
• FTP
• Flash
• XML parser / XSLT
• DCOM (Win32 only)
• Java Connectivity

• Curl
• zlib (compressed IO)
• Charset conversion
• ASPELL/PSPELL
• MCRYPT
• WDDX
• Ncurses
• 100 extensions!

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Latest Developments

• PEAR and PECL
• SOAP
• Zend Engine 2
• New Object model
• Unified Constructors and Destructors
• Objects are references
• Exceptions

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More

• PHP5
• Java and PHP

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LAMP

• Bringing all the forces together
• LAMP - AMP on Linux
• WAMP - AMP on Windows
• Most popular web development platform
• Many resources available
• Manuals, tutorials, newsgroups
• Open source applications
• hotscripts.com, freshmeat.net
• Yahoo uses PHP!

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Development Environment

• Apache with PHP as module / CGI
• MySQL
• PhpMyAdmin
• IDEs Zend Studio / PHPEd / PHP Editor ...
• Any text editor would do!
• Commercial products / support available

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Zend Studio IDE
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Resources

• Apache - http//httpd.apache.org
• PHP
• Home Page http//www.php.net
• Manual http//php.net/manual
• Tutorial http//php.net/tut.php
• Books http//php.net/books.php
• MySQL - http//www.mysql.com
• Zend - http//www.zend.com

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Credits

• Open Source / FSF
• PHP
• Rasmus Lerdorf's presentation
• MagNet

57
Thank you!

• Nirav Mehta
• nirav_at_magnet-i.com